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A list of stories that the media choose to bring to the audience's attention and therefore set the agenda for discussion. Controlling what issues come to public attention.
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Indian film industry based in Bombay.
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Violence that occurs as a result of copying something that is seen in the media.
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Occurs where different types of media - e.g. radio and TV stations - are owned by the same company.
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The view that the media are powerful in so far as they link up with other agents of socialisation to encourage particular ways of making sense of the world.
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The process by which, through repeated exposure to media violence, people come to accept violent behaviour as normal.
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When the action of the rule enforcers or media in response to deviance brings about an increase in the deviance.
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An approach based on the hypodermic syringe model which believes that the media have direct effects on their audience.
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The outcome of intensive advertising that persuades people that a particular consumer item is vital to their social well-being despite it being potentially harmful in the long term.
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Groups seen by the media as evil and a threat to the moral well-being of society.
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People within the media who have the power to let some news stories through and stop others.
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Cultural forms, such as opera, that are associated with high-status or elite sections of society and considered 'superior' to other forms of culture.
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The view that the media are very powerful and the audience very weak. The media can 'inject' their messages into the audience, who accept them uncritically.
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| McDonaldisation (the mass media) |
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The idea that American culture has overwhelmed other national cultures - literally that McDonald's has taken over the world.
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The result of smaller media companies merging, or being bought up by larger companies, to form a small number of very large companies.
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A company that owns various types of media.
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Public concern, created by the media, about the behaviour of certain groups of people who are seen as a threat to the moral order and stability of society.
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Assumptions that guide journalists and editors when selecting news items.
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| Preferred (or dominant) reading |
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The intended messages contained within the text.
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Research that focuses on the way individuals make meanings from media messages.
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The way in which people are portrayed by the media.
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A typical or 'shorthand' picture of a certain group.
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An interpretation of a media text that modifies the intended (preferred) reading so that it fits with the audience member's own views.
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An interpretation of a media text that rejects its intended (preferred) reading.
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| Uses and gratifications model |
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The view that people use the media for their own purposes.
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Owning all the stages in the production, distribution and consumption of a product.
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