Term
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Definition
| innate need for such qualities as symmetry, closure, and order, observed most clearly in children and self-actualizing adults |
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Term
| characterizes the self-actualizing person |
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Definition
| acceptance of democratic values, acceptance of self others and nature, acceptance and full perception of reality |
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Term
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Definition
| retreats in India where ordinary citizens can go for various periods of time to escape everyday anxieties and reflect on the meaning of their lives |
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Term
| B-cognition (or B-perception) (aka Being cognition) |
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Definition
| thinking or perceiving that is governed by B-values rather than by D-motives. such cognition is richer and fuller than D-cognition |
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Term
| being motivation (aka growth motivation) |
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Definition
| motivation governed by the pursuit of B-values instead of by the satisfaction of basic deficiencies |
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Term
| being values (B-values) (aka metamotives) |
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Definition
| those higher aspects of life pursued by self-actualizing individuals. included are such values as truth, goodness, beauty, justice, and perfection |
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Term
| belongingness and love needs |
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Definition
| third cluster of needs in the hierarchy of needs. included are the needs for affiliation with others and for the feeling of being loved |
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Term
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Definition
| deep, nonpossessive, insatiable, emotional relationship that is not aimed at satisfying any particular need. such love contrasts with D-love |
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Term
| deficiency motivation (D-motivation) |
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Definition
| motivation governed by the basic needs. characterizes the lives of individuals who are not self-actualizing |
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Term
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Definition
| motivated by the need for love and belongingness. such love is selfish because it satisfies a personal deficiency. such love contrasts with B-love |
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Term
| deficiency motive (D-motive) |
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Definition
| needs or deficiencies that exist in the hierarchy of needs prior to the level of self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| any process that distorts human nature and depicts it as less marvelous and dignified than it is |
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Term
| desire to know and understand |
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Definition
| innate curiosity that Maslow believed was functionally related to the ability to satisfy all human needs |
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Term
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Definition
| Institute in California modeled after the Indian ashram where non-neurotic, healthy people can further develop their inner resources |
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Term
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Definition
| fourth cluster of needs in the hierarchy of needs. included are the needs for status, prestige, competence, and confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| Maslow's name for the utopia that he believed a community of healthy adults could create |
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Term
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Definition
| industrial or societal management that attempts to consider the basic human needs as Maslow viewed them |
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Term
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Definition
| Maslow's description of what he considered the optimal psychological atmosphere for a child to experience |
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Term
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Definition
| western equivalent of the Indian ashram. a place where healthy individuals can expand their potentialities |
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Term
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Definition
| spiritual leader of an ashram |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of the needs from lowest to highest in terms of their potency |
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Term
| holistic-analytic approach to science |
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Definition
| strategy of studying an object of interest as a totality rather than attempting to reduce it to its component parts |
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Term
| humanistic psychology (aka third-force psychology) |
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Definition
| approach to psychology that emphasizes the experiencing person, creativity, the study of socially and personally significant problems, and the dignity and enhancement of people |
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Term
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Definition
| term Maslow used to describe the nature of the human needs. this need is innate but weak and is easily modified by environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of one's own potential greatness and the ambivalent feelings toward greatness in others |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological disorder that results when a being motive is not allowed proper expression |
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Term
| Need-directed perception (aka D-perception or D-cognition) |
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Definition
| perception motivated by a search for objects or events that will satisfy a basic need; for example, a hungry person looks for food |
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Term
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Definition
| mystical, oceanic experiences that are accompanied by a feeling of ecstasy or rapture. such experiences were thought by Maslow to reach their full magnitude as B-values are fully embraced |
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Term
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Definition
| most basic cluster of needs in the hierarchy of needs. included are the needs for water, food, oxygen, sleep, elimination, and sex |
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Term
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Definition
| field in contemporary psychology that explores the higher aspects of humans but does so in a way that is more scientifically rigorous and less self-centered than was humanistic psychology |
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Term
| reductive-analytic approach to science |
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Definition
| strategy of reducing an object of interest to its component parts in order to study and understand it |
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Term
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Definition
| second cluster of needs in the hierarchy of needs. included is the need for order, security, and predictability |
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Term
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Definition
| highest level in the hierarchy of needs, which can be reached only if the preceding need levels have been adequately satisfied. the self-actualizing individual operates at full capacity and is B-motivated rather than D-motivated |
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Term
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Definition
| working together. individuals in a community characterized by this work are in harmony and are not in conflict with their society |
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Term
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Definition
| humanistic psychology, which was viewed by Maslow and others as an alternative to psychoanalysis and behaviorism |
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Term
| transpersonal psychology (aka fourth-force psychology) |
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Definition
| psychology that examines the human relationship to the cosmos or to something "bigger than we are" and the mystical, spiritual, or peak experiences that the realization of such a relationship produces |
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