Term
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Definition
| assignment of number's to the attribute of objects based on a set of rules |
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Term
| measuring the attributres of obj's, not the obj's themselves |
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Definition
| measure johns income, not john |
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Term
| 3 basic rules of any number set |
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Definition
| R1: follow a rank order, R2: intervals are comparable, R3: absolute magnitudes are compareable |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 types of scales used to mearue attributes of objects: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| #'s assigned to obj's or classes of obj's solely for the purpose of identification, used to categorize data |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement in which numbersare assigned to data on the basis of some order of objects, imply rank ordering |
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Term
| data from ordinal scales can best be represented by reporting the ___? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the middle value after ordering the data |
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Term
| what is missing in ordinal scale |
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Definition
| differences are nto equal, and ordering is relative, so they do not tell us enough |
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Term
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Definition
| intervals between #'s tell us how far apart the objects are w/ respect to the attribute, so differences can be comparable |
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Term
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Definition
| contains all feature of the ordinal scale, intervals btw data points on the scale are =, there is an arbitrary zero point |
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Term
| reporting interval scales |
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Definition
| most commonly used measure is MEAN |
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Term
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Definition
| avg of all values=sum/#ofelements |
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Term
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Definition
| all powers of those mentioned as well as a meaningful absolute zero or orgin |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement that has a natural, or absolute 0.. meaning attribute does not exist |
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Term
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Definition
| #'s imply rank ordering; intervals are comparable; absolute magnitues are comparable |
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Term
| reporting ratio scales...best way? |
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Definition
| geometric mean & harmonic mean |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple n numbers and take their nth root |
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Term
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Definition
| divide n by the sum of reciprocals of n numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| (lower) nominal->ordinal->interval->ratio (higher) |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothetical construct, conceptual definition, operational definition |
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Term
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Definition
| a concept used in theoretical models to explain how things work...things cannot be seen but useful in theoretical explanation |
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Term
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Definition
| definition a constuct in terms of other constucts |
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Term
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Definition
| descirces how a constuct is to be measured |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic/constatnt error OR response (random) error |
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Term
| systematic error (constant error) |
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Definition
| constant bias in the measurements, caused by faults in the measurement instrument or process |
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Term
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Definition
| errors due to temporary aspects of the person or measurment situation which affects measurement in irregular ways |
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Term
| validity of measurement inplies...? |
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Definition
| measureing what we like to measure without error |
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Term
| reliability of a scale... |
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Definition
| problems measureing the same thing over time ex:height |
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Term
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Definition
| hope the question we ask can measure the same level each time |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a measure to obtain consistent scores for the same obj, trait, or construct (across time ,across diff evaluators, or accross the items) |
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Term
| after determining research design (exploratory/descriptive/causal)...then? |
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Definition
| identify data types and sources |
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Term
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Definition
| info that has been collectd for some other purpose other than the one at hand |
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Term
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Definition
| info that has been gathered specifically for the research objectives at hand |
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Term
| secondary data: using it is... |
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Definition
| advantageous for saving time/money AND disadvantages for fitting the problem and higher accuracy |
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Term
| what might the problems of fit w secondary data? |
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Definition
| diff units of measurement, diff class definition, age of data |
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Term
| uses of secondary data.... |
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Definition
| to help problem forumulation; solve the problem completely; suggest what kind of further data should be collected; provide comparative data; SUGGESTION=BEGIN WITH IT |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.interval secondary data 2.external secondary data |
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Term
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Definition
| data that originates within the organization for whcih the research is being done |
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Term
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Definition
| data that originates ourside of the organization for which the reserach has been done |
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Term
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Definition
| data never been gathered, adv: find data you need to suit your purpose; disadv: usually more costly and time consuming that collecting secondary data; collect after scondary data is collected |
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Term
| secondary data (balancing act) |
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Definition
| inexpensive, can be secured quickly, may not fit the price, unknown accuracy |
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Term
| assessing the accuracy of secondary data... |
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Definition
| determine primary source...go for it when possible (b/c it exploains the process of data collection, and beware of advocacy research |
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Term
| determine primacy of source |
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Definition
| primary source: originates the data &&& secondary source: takes the data from the primary source |
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Term
| advocacy research (beware) |
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Definition
| aims to support a proposition as opposed to finding the truth about an issue |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluate the ability of supplying organization to collect date; chick if details of data collection process is provided; examine the details |
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Term
| method of accessing/collecting data |
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Definition
| primary data (collecting data through methods such as telephone/mail/online/facetoface, quantitative and observation studies and focus groups-qualitative)AND secondary datat (through sources such as the internet and library) |
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Term
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Definition
| communication (involves questioning respondents) and observation (involves recording of relevant facts or behaviors, oberver may be a person or mechanical device) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| methods of administering questionaries |
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Definition
| personal interviews, telepone interviews, mail questionarie, internet based questionaries |
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Term
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Definition
| response rate high, collect detailed responses, opportunity for clarication |
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Term
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Definition
| interview bias, slow, costly |
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Term
| telephone interviews PROs |
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Definition
| reasonable response rate, relatively fast, opportunity for clarification |
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Term
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Definition
| not suited for detailedd surveys, hard to reach a representative sample, interview bias, relatively expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| assures anonymity of the respondent, not subject to interviewer bias, low cost |
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Term
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Definition
| no opportunity for clarification, relatively slow, response rate is low |
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Term
| internet based questionaire PRO |
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Definition
| fast, inexpensive, not subject to interviewer bias |
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Term
| internet base questionarie COn |
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Definition
| no opportunity for clarification, very low respsonse rates, potentially nonrepresentative samples |
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