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| idea that people could rise above the material things in life; philosophy started by some New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s - rise above ordinary concerns - think of you; your world - R.W. Emerson "Self Reliance"; H.D. Thoreau "Walden" |
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| a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s; religious fervor increased, communication increased - traveling ministers, revival meetings, help the underprivileged |
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| places where people worked to establish a perfect society; such communities were popular in the United States during the late 1700s and early to mid-1800s - typically didn't last very long |
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| based on the ides that each person brings a unique view to the world - bring your unique quality to what talent you possess - Edgar Allen Poe "Tell Tale Heart", "Cask of Amontillado" - horror! - Hawthorne "The Scarlet Letter" - SHOCKERS! |
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| a group who opposed immigration because people who came here generally didn't know very much - established the Know-Nothing political party - America is for Americans! - hated thought of immigration (immigrants would take their jobs) |
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| a political party established by the Nativists - goal was to make people have to live here for 21 years before becoming a citizen |
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| 1846 - proposed to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession; passed in the HOR but was defeated in the Senate |
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| the idea that political authority belongs to the people; principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slavery |
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1852 - antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that showed northerners the violent reality of slavery and drew many people to the abolitionist's cause - thousands sold
- north: horror! -> play "Little Eva"
- south: not true! -> we treat our slaves better than you in the north treat your factory workers
- Lincoln: "So you're the little lady who started this great, big war!"
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| Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into 2 territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty; also settled land claims between Texas and New Mexico, abolished the slave trade in Washington, and produced a New Fugitive Slave Act |
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| 1850 - law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders |
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| political party formed in 1848 by antislavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties because neither addressed the slavery issue |
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| proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act - a law organizing the Louisiana Purchase into the 2 territories Kansas and Nebraska |
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| 1854 - law that allowed voters in the Kansas and Nebraska territories to choose whether they allowed slavery |
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| pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups rushed into Kansas - population divided in 2 -> 2 gov'ts - both sides armed -> violence broke out |
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| slave of an army surgeon from St. Louis - sued for freedom after tours of duty with master in Illinois and some of Louisiana Territory - claimed that he became free while living in free territory |
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| 1857 - U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not U.S. citizens and that the Missouri Compromise's restrictions on slavery were unconstitutional |
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| political party formed in the 1850's to stop the spread of slavery in the West |
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| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court - wrote the major opinion in the Dred Scott Decision - March 1857 - concluded that African Americans were not citizens under U.S. Constitution - Scott did not have the right to file sue in Federal court; said that living on free soil had not made Scott free |
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| series of 7 debates between Republican Abraham Lincoln and Democrat Stephan Douglas during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois |
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| John Brown's Raid on the Arsenal at Harper's Ferry |
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| 1859 - Incident in which abolitionist John Brown and 21 other men captured a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry. VA, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion |
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| act of formally withdrawing from an organization, such as a country |
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- population 7 milion
- West - newly aquired land
- politics controlled by few
- religion down - concentrate on economic survival (self-concern)
- economy - struggling -> depression
- age of reason: book smarts - spirit of the law
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- population 31 million
- 17 new states
- politics - era of the "Common Man"
- religion - reawakening - loving God (unlike Puritans), concern for others (disadvantaged)
- economy thriving - north: industrial revolution; south: economy down - climate shift; inventions; America = land of opportunity - factories -> cities - IMMIGRATION
- age of individuals - person more important than spirit of law
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| How did the Era of Good Feelings affect the economy? |
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| economic security = time to think and develop |
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| make changes to improve life |
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| the moral concern of slavery |
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| Quakers: slavery is against God's law (God didn't intend to man to be enslaved to other men) - first of abolitionists |
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| the economic concern of slavery |
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| Southerners - without slavery, economy withh collapse |
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| the political concern of slavery |
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| balance in Congress - WANT TO DOMINATE IN CONGRESS |
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- political parties new; divided
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- WHIGS -Taylor - slavery spread over country
DEMOCRATS - Van B. - Free-Soil Party - anti-slavery- DEMOCRATS - Cass - popular soveriegnty
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| What happens whenever a political party splits? |
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- Henry Clay -> Great Compromiser
- California enters as a free state - South: upset balance; north: yay!
- Mexican Cession -> territories -> popular sovereignty - disregard Missouri Compromise?!
- Texas - resolve border dispute with New Mexico
- End slave trade in Washington D.C.
- NEW fugitive slave law - hunt escaped slaves and return to slaveholder - abolitionists in north: NO!
- uproar in Congress
- Zachary Taylor dies
- Fillmore OK's compromise
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- Stephen Douglas - RR through Illinois to California (not yet territory)
- K/N Act: create 2 territories
- slavery: popular sovereignty
- Nebraska - unsuitable for farming
- Kansas - swarms of people
- north: free
- south: slave
- 2 capitals
- bloodshed - "Bleeding Kansas" -> mini civil war
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- all parties divided
- Democrats:
- north: Republican - John Fremont
- south + a few northernern Democrats - Buchanan - out of country, no position on slavery -> safe
- Whigs:
- north: Republican w/ northern democrats
- south: -O-
BUCHANAN WINS |
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- white abolitionist
- believed God told him to end slavery - thought it meant violently
- attacked Federal arsenal to get weapons to free slaves
- foiled - captured by R.E. Lee -> convicted of treason -> death sentence?! (time of peace!) - set an example
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- Democrats:
- north: Douglas - popular soveriegnty
- south: Brekenridge - pro-slavery -"South will secede if Republican victory"
- Republicans: Lincoln
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- No extension of slavery into West
- Economic programs
- homestead act
- RR W<--> E
- high tariff
- immigration OK
- BENIFIT W AND E - S LEFT OUT
- Constitutional Union: Bell
LINCOLN WINS |
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