Term
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Definition
| Whales, dolphins & porpoises (83 species) |
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Definition
| real seals, fur seals & walrus's |
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Definition
| manatees & dugons (5 species) |
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| King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti? |
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Definition
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Gensis
Spieces |
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Term
| Cetaceans are a ____________? |
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Definition
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| Pinnipids are a ____________? |
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Definition
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| Sirenians are a ____________? |
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Definition
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Definition
•Breathe air through lungs
•Warm-blooded
•Have hair (at some time during life)
•Bear live young
•Suckle their young |
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| How many species of marine mammals are there? |
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Definition
about 126 species
or
3% of mammalian diversity |
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Definition
| [Order]Seals, Sea Lions & Otters (38 species) |
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Definition
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Definition
True Seals
[Do NOT have ear flaps] |
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Definition
| Walrus (OO=tOOthed ben=sound like a good name for a walrus lol) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
toothed whales (OO=tOOthed)
Dolphins & Porpises |
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Term
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Definition
Baleen Whales
(Mystic=like "Inspiring a sense of mystery and wonder") |
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Term
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Definition
| Right whales (& bowheads) |
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Term
Neobalaenidae
*Mysticetes* |
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Definition
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Term
Eschrichtiidae
*Mysticetes* |
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Definition
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Term
Balaenopteridae
*Mysticetes* |
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Definition
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Term
Platanistidae
*Odontocetes* |
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Definition
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Term
Pontoporiidae
*Odontocetes* |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Baiji (Chinese river dolphin) |
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Term
| Baiji (Chinese river dolphin)*Odontocetes* |
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Definition
| South American river dolphins |
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Term
Monodontidae
*Odontocetes* |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Physeteridae
*Odontocetes* |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pygmy and dwarf sperm whales |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how do deep diving phocid seals manage to stay submerged for periods that seem to exceed their aeriobic dive limits? |
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Definition
| pressure & O2 conserevation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 Problems faced by Mammalian divers... |
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Definition
1)Hydrostatic pressure
2)Oxygen conservation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure X Volume = Constant |
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Term
| 5 Methods for Studying Diving in Marine Mammals |
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Definition
1.Restrained animals in laboratory
2.Freee diving captive animals
3.Free diving Weddell seal
4.Time-depth recorders (TDRs)
5.Real-time physiological monitoring |
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Term
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Definition
| wireless transmission and reception of measured quantities for the purpose of remotely monitoring environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
-can be attached to whales w/suction cups
-Provide basic information on time spent at various depth: what they eat & such...
-Identify maximal values for dives-length, depth, ascent rates |
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Term
| Pilot Whale makes a ______ noise while feeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Why dont marine mammals get the bends? |
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Definition
| because(1)Collapse of thoracic cavities (2) there alveolar collapse during deep dives (3)Exhale before diving (phocids) |
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Term
| what is Peripheral Vasoconstriction |
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Definition
| narrowing of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| slowing of the heart rate |
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Term
| Adaptations for O2 conservation during Apnea(3) |
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Definition
1.Increased O2 Storage Capacity
2.Bradycardia (slowing of the heart)
3.Peripheral Vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) |
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Term
| Blood Volumes of Marine Mammals |
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Definition
| Blood volume of marine mammals as a percentage(%) of body mass in relation to maximum dive duration |
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Term
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Definition
1)comductance -movement of current
2)convection -no contact
3)Radiation -electromagnets wave heating somthing
4)Evaportion -loss of heat through sweat
***conduction is most important to marine mammals |
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Term
| How do marine mammals reduce their thermal conductance? |
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Definition
using fur and blubber
ex 1:otorids= blubber&fur
ex 2:phocids=blubber
ex 3:sea otter=fur |
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Term
| All marine mammals secret a waxy substance that makes their fur water proof... what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Squalene (sea otters & fur seals) |
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Definition
[scared of water] Flydrophobic, fatty substance
*Good barrier agaist water* |
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Term
| What are properties of blubber? |
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Definition
*Thickness
*Lipid content
*Blood Flow |
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Term
| What is a better conducter dry fur or blubber? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the shape of a marine mammal so important when talking about 'Heat loss'? |
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Definition
Because surface area (ratio) increases as mass increases
Ex. Habor porpoise and spotted dolphin |
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Term
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Definition
-Insulates
-Adjusts buoyancy
-steamline shape
-Serves as an energy depot |
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Term
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Definition
-air gets compressed for while diving
-deep diving pinnipeds rely on blubber (ex. elephant seal) |
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Term
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Definition
-cold ones have more lipid content
-Smaller body sizes are concentrating in waters
-If your small in cold water you NEED higher lipid content |
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Term
| Who has blubber? (3 examples) |
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Definition
-Phocid seals
-Ceteceans
-Sirenians |
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Term
| Who has fur? (3 examples) |
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Definition
-Sea otters
-Fur seals
-Polar bears |
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Term
What is the best insulater?
**Dry fur, wet fur, or blubber** |
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Definition
*Dry fur is a better insulater then blubber in air.
*But when fur is wet, it loses its ability to be a good insulater |
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Term
"Marine mammals are not simply wrapped like a thermos bottle..."
what does this mean? |
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Definition
| Marine mammals not uniformly hot or cold, some parts cold some hot. Lose heat in some parts. |
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Term
| The ability to control body temperature in at least one region of the body and to control this in isolation from other regions |
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Definition
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Term
| counter-current Heat Exchangers |
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Definition
Arteries-> Blood-> Cold coming from extreme blood dilction
*Most proximity important for this to occur |
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Term
| Draw cord blood from flukes etc in the testes to keep cold |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Marine Mammal Protection Act |
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Term
| Primary Threats for Manatees/Dugongs |
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Definition
-Collisions with watercraft**
-Potential loss of warm water refuges**
-Periodic epizootics
-Flood gates & canal locks
-Entanglement in fishing gear |
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Term
| ___________ adopted energtically to colder water durring winter in Florida |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy spreading over a progessively larger area |
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Term
| ______frequencies attenuate much more quickly than _______ frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
wavelength=speed of sound/frequency
λ=wavelength
c=speed of sound
f=frequency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Broad band (short duration) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What "plots of frequency vs time, like a musical notation"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Constant Frequency (CF)
2. Frequency Modulated (FM)
3. Broadband |
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Term
| Sound Production in Cetaceans (3 types) |
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Definition
Type M- Mysticetes- low frequency (10Hz-4kHz)
Type I- Odontocetes- high frequency (>100kHz)
Type II-Odontocetes- generalists (1kHz-100kHz) |
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Term
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Definition
the ability to orient by transmitting sound & receiving echoes from objects in the environment
-Only Odontocetes can to this! |
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Term
| Echolocation is comprised of 3 distinct processes what are they? |
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Definition
-Sound production
-Sound reception
-Signal procressing |
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Term
| What are the sources of Echolocation Signals? |
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Definition
-Larynx
-Nasal Sacs*
-Monkey Lips |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Can Ceteceans have loss of hearing with age? |
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Definition
1 study says yes
young male&female tursiops reacted to stimuli; while older MALE tursiops didnt react although the FEMALES tursiops did |
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Term
| With echolocation the #, the source level, and time interval between clicks vary with what? |
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Definition
-size of object
-distance of object
-background culter |
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Term
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Definition
-High frequency
-narrow-band clicks (120-140kHz)
-Longer duration
-Undetecable by predator & prey |
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Term
Echolocation in Killer Whales
What are the 2 types?
What do they eat?
What the differece in echolocation? |
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Definition
1.Residents Killer Whales & Transient Killer Whales
2.Residents-feed on salmon & Transient-feed on mammals
3.Residents-use frequent echolocation & Transient-Infrequent echolocation |
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