-Rarely submeraged

-Water spray from waves

-Covered/uncovered daily

- Water exposure variable

-continental shelf

-Depth about 1000m

-Continental slope

-Depth about 1000-4000m

Abyssal plain

Water temperature never exceeds 4 degrees C

Depth 4000-6000m

Trenches

Depth 4000-6000m

1. Neritic

2. Oceanic

What are the Pelagic zones?

Hint: there are 5

-Depth: 100-200m

- Plenty of light for photosynthesis

-Depth 200-1000m

-Light penetration, but no photosynthesis

Depth >6000m

Found in trenches

Depth 200m

Light penetration can support plant growth

Depth > 200m

Not enough light for photosynthesis

What are the expourse problems of the Rocky shore?

hint: there are 7

1. Waterloss, dessciation

2. oxygen, low or unavailable

3. Temperature, wide/rapid variations

4. Salinity, wide/rapid variations

5. Restriction of feeding

6. Wave action

7. Space problems

1. Run and Hide

2. Clam up

3. Dry out

The oxygen is used up and

higher temperature = low oxygen

Trapping water or

going anaerobic

Sun heat or lack thereof

and

shallow water

- able to withstand wide range (of temp.)

-able to withstand quick change (of temp.)

-"Air conditioning" (think limpets/barnacles)

- Ridges (like fins of a radiator)

-Light colors

-hide

-evaporation

-rainfall

-able to withstand wide ranges

-able to withstand quick changes

-close shells and clamp down

-rare

-little settlement accumlates

-wave shock

-smashing of drifting logs

-rolling of rocks

-anchored to substrate

-holdtight

-wedged in

-flexible

-lack of swim bladder

-Thicker shells

-shells more pointed

-compact shells

-low profile

-safety in numbers

-run and hide

-organisms need space to hold onto

-space is limiting

-will attach to eachother

-out grow the competition

-makes the cometition vulnerable to waves

-smothers them

-blocking sunlight

-temperature

-salinity

-tide patterns

-wave exposure

-local weather

-predation

-competition

-settlement

-lack of solid substrate to hold onto

-often shifting sediments

-Oxygen availablity

-Creates black band

-Anoxic

-Highly toxic

-small enough to live in it (sand and mud?)

-burrow

-live in burrows and pump in oxygen rich water

-special hemoglobin to extract oxygen

-sluggish nature to reduce need for o₂

-Anaerobic respiration

1. drowned river valley estuaries

2. tectonic estuaries

3. fjords

4.bar-build estuaries

-ice melting during the ice age

-sea levels rose

-invaded low lands/river valleys

-Chesapeake Bay

-Mouth of Thames River, England

-Pearl Harbor

-sinking land

-result of crust movement

-retreating glaciers

-cut deep, coastal valleys

1. Alaska

2. British Columbia, CA

3. Norway

4. New Zealand

5. Chile

-accumulation of sediments along the coast

-acts as a barrier between oceans and rivers

-less salinity upstream

-more salinity down stream

-salinity

-oxygen

-substrate

-temperature

-suspended sediment

What is the salinity of estuaries affected by?

(hint: 9 different things)

-shape of estuary

-bottom

-depth

-wind

-Evaporation

-Freshwater run off

-tides, tidal bores

-currents

-coriolis effect

-north: fresh water bends to the right

-south: fresh water bends to the left

Where does rivers carry mud and sand/heavier material?

what else do rivers carry?

-mud is carried further out

- sand/heavier material is only carried to the mouth of the river

-a river carries polluants

-Shallow

-aerobic

-fluctuate in shallow water

-ok in deep water

 –Reduce water clarity

–Clog feeding apparatus of filter feeders

–Kills corals, etc

-sandy areas

-mud flats

 -oyster reefs

-sea grass beds

 -salt marshes (temperature climates)

 •Reef builders

•Contain symbiotic zooxanthellae

-non-reef building coral

-like soft coral, black coral and sea fans

Name the sediment producers

(hint: there are 5)

-Broken pieces of:

1. coralline green algae

2. sea urchins

3.bivalves

4. snails

5. crustaceans

-while course sediment helps build reef

-fine sediment smothers reef

-sponges

-bryozoans

-coralline red algae