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1st used celestial navigation
Dominated Trade in Mediterraean |
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Discovered many places
1st to use a crude compass for navigation |
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Greatest Navigators
Used: stars, wind, wave direction cloud patterns, sun moon-- No compass |
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Greek:
1. related tides to moon
2. Sailed to British Isles |
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| calculated circumference of earth as 25,00 miles ( close) |
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| prepared map of the world |
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| rounded cape of good hope |
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| reached southern tip of Africa/india |
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| reached eastern shore of the pacific |
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1st crossing of the pacific
circumnavigation of globe |
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- largest peace time expeditions taken ever
- HUGE ships
- purpose: extend chinese influence
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Really flourished
many new species described
OF muller- new species in Norway and Denmark
believed deep sea was- devoid of life |
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| HMS Beagle Fitzroy and Darwin |
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(founder of Marine Bio)
1. use of dredge in shallow waters ( italians then muller)
2. collected in aegean sea up to 200 m
3. est. 8 life zones ( 1st to est. faunal zone)
4. azoic zone |
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founder of marine biology
first bathymetric maps (depth charts
Physical Geography of the Sea |
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Lightning- collected specimens with dredge at depths up to 1190 m.
Porcupine- 2700 m and 4450 |
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Thompson and Muray
described over 1500 species
"sputnik" of 19th century
oceanographic revolution
1953 last marine exploration |
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