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| China is a large country located in Asia. In 1941. Mao Zedong ruled this country with revolutionary tactics. China has many geographical features including mountain ranges, deserts, and plateaus. China has the largest resource pool of all countries. |
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| Vietnam is located on the Indochina Peninsula in the South Pacific. It is a communist country that has seen many conflicts including the Vietnam War where the U.S. fought communist Vietnam. |
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| Japan invaded Pearl Harbor in 1941 throwing the U.S. into World War II. The U.S.A. decided to drop 2 atomic bombs on cities in Japan to end World War II. These two cities were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is an archipelago country meaning it has many islands with the main island named Honshu. |
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| In 1989, Beijing, China was the location for protests for personal freedoms. These protests happened in Tinananmen Square. The Chinese Army retaliated against these democratic protesters and killed several thousands of its on citizens. China was scrutinized by other countries for violating personal freedoms of its citizens. |
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| Communism is a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party. |
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| To fast is to not eat for in observance of holiday or protest against a political movement. |
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| Imperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. |
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| Idealism is the belief that one country or one's culture is better than another. |
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| Nationalism is the devotion or love to the interests or culture of one's nation. |
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| Colonization is the where a country settles on foreign land and develops settlements or colonies. |
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| Mohandas Gandhi was a political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule and an advocate of passive resistance. (1869-1948) |
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| Mao Zedong was the Chinese Communist leader and theorist. He was the founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1921), he led the Long March (1934-1935) and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949. As party chairman and the country's first head of state (1949-1959) he initiated the Great Leap Forward and the founding of communes. He continued as party chairman after 1959 and was a leading figure in the Cultural Revolution (1966-1969). In the 1970s he consolidated his political power and established ties with the West. |
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| The Great Leap Forward which lasted from 1957–60, was the Chinese economic plan aimed at revitalizing all sectors of the economy. Agriculture was to be revolutionized, e.g. through the reorganization of collectives of a few hundred households into communes with around 50,000 people each. Mao aimed at increasing steel production by a yearly average of 15 percent. By 1960, grain output had declined by over 40 per cent. Compounded by a series of natural catastrophes, this set off the greatest famine in twentieth-century history. |
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| The Cultural Revolution was a comprehensive reform movement in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the country's institutions and leadership. It was characterized by political zealotry, purges of intellectuals, and social and economic chaos. |
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| Passive Resistance is the resistance by nonviolent methods to a government, an occupying power, or specific laws, as refusing to comply, demonstrating in protest, or fasting. |
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| Containment is the policy of checking the expansion or influence of a hostile power or ideology, as by the creation of strategic alliances or support of client states in areas of conflict or unrest. |
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