Term
|
Definition
| Region between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. Vast domain became accessible to Americans wishing to settle there. Many people were convinced this land was a Sahara habitable only to Indians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expressed the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founder and editor of the New York Tribune. He popularized the saying "Go west, young man." He said that people who were struggling in the East could make the fortunes by going west. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1822, he founded the first settlement of Americans in Texas. In 1833 he was sent by the colonists to negotiate with the Mexican government for Texan indedendence and was imprisoned in Mexico until 1835, when he returned to Texas and became the commander of the settlers’ army in the Texas Revolution. |
|
|
Term
Texas War for Independence
|
|
Definition
| After a few skirmishes with Mexican soldiers in 1835, Texas leaders met and organized a temporary government. Texas troops initially seized San Antonio, but lost it after the massacre of the outpost garrisoning the Alamo. In respone, Texas issued a Declaration of Independence. Santa Ana tried to swiftly put down the rebellion, but Texan soldiers surprised him and his troops on April 21, 1836. They crushed his forces and captured him in the Battle of San Jacinto, and forced him to sign a treaty granting Texan independence. U.S. lent no aid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As dictator ofMexico, he led the attack on theAlamoin 1836. He was later defeated by Sam Houston atSan Jacinto. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. Mexicans - 1,500 dead, 1,000 captured. Texans - 4 dead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Former Governor of Tennessee and an adopted member of the Cherokee Indian tribe, he settled in Texas after being sent there by Pres. Jackson to negotiate with the local Indians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appointed commander of the Texas army in 1835, he led them to victory at San Jacinto, where they were outnumbered 2 to 1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was President of the Republic of Texas (1836-1838 & 1841-1845) and advocated Texas joining the Union in 1845. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He later served as U.S. Senator and Governor of Texas, but was removed from the governorship in 1861 for refusing to ratify Texas joining the Confederacy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created March, 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto. Its second president attempted to establish a sound government and develop relations with England and France. However, rapidly rising public debt, internal conflicts and renewed threats from Mexico led Texas to join the U.S. in 1845. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Joint Resolution under President Tyler
U.S. madeTexas a state in 1845. Joint resolution - both houses of Congress supported annexation underTyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office. |
|
|
Term
Election of 1844: Candidates
Democratic Party:
Whig Party:
Liberty Party |
|
Definition
| James K. Polk - Democrat. Henry Clay - Whig. James G. Birney - Liberty Party |
|
|
Term
Manifest Destiny Issues:
1)
2)
3)
|
|
Definition
Manifest Destiny Issues:
1) The annexation of Texas
2) The reoccupation of Oregon.
3) Tariff reform. |
|
|
Term
| Election of 1844: Third party's impact |
|
Definition
| Third party's impact was significant. James G. Birney drew enough votes away from Clay to give Polk New York, and thus the election. |
|
|
Term
Election 1844: Liberty Party
|
|
Definition
| The first abolitionist party - believed in ending slavery. |
|
|
Term
| Reoccupation of Texas and reannexation of Oregon |
|
Definition
| Two of President Polk's goals in the election of 1844 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An aggressive slogan adopted in the Oregon boundary dispute, a dispute over where the border between Canada and Oregon should be drawn. This was also Polk's slogan - the Democrats wanted the U.S. border drawn at the 54º40' latitude. Polk settled for the 49º latitude in 1846. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President known for promoting Manifest Destiny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appointed minister to Mexico in 1845, he went to Mexico to pay for disputed Texas and California land. But the Mexican government was still angry about the annexation of Texas and refused to talk to him. |
|
|
Term
Disputed territory between Texas and Mexico
|
|
Definition
Land between the Nueces and Rio Grande rivers; Texas claimed the Rio Grande as its southern boundary
Mexico claimed the Nueces River was Texas' southern boundary with Mexico |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commander of the Army of Occupation on the Texas border. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On President Polk’s orders, he took the Army into the disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers and built a fort on the north bank of the Rio Grande River. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His victories in the war with Mexico and the defeat of Santa Ana made him a national hero |
|
|
Term
"Spot Resolutions" speech
|
|
Definition
| Congressman Abraham Lincoln supported a proposition to find the exact spot where American troops were fired upon, suspecting that they had illegally crossed into Mexican territory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made the "spot resolutions" speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commander of the Army of the West in the Mexican War, marched all the way to California, securing New Mexico. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Civil governor of California, led the Army exploration to help Kearny. Heard that a war with Mexico was coming, thought he could take California by himself before the war began and become a hero. He failed, so he joined forces with Kearny. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Led the U.S. forces' march on Mexico City during the Mexican War. He took the city and ended the war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sent as a special envoy by President Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate an end to the Mexican War. |
|
|
Term
Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago provisions
|
|
Definition
| Required Mexico to cede the American Southwest, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and California, to the U.S. U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange, so that it would not look like conquest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some of Mexico's territory was added to the U.S. after the Mexican War: Arizona, New Mexico, California, Utah, Nevada & Colorado. (Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1842 - Established Maine's northern border and the boundaries of the Great Lake states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of Canadian malcontents determined to free Canada from British rule made looting forays into Canada from an island being supplied by a ship from this area. The Canadians burned the vessel and killed an American on board. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved slaves who mutinied and killed a crewman, then sailed to the Bahamas, where the British let them all go. The U.S. wanted the slaves back, but Britain refused. The ship stolen by the slaves was the Creole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook Rive in Maine in 1839 tried to oust Canadian rivals. Militia were called in from both sides until the Webster Ashburn - Treaty was signed. Took place in disputed territory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1842 - Many Eastern and Midwestern farmers and city dwellers were dissatisfied with their lives and began moving up the Oregon trail to the Willamette Valley. This free land was widely publicized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spot where many settlers traveling along the Oregon trailed stopped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The territory comprised what arenow the states of Oregon and Washington, and portions of what became British Columbia, Canada. This land was claimed by both the U.S. and Britain and was held jointly under the Convention of 1818. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established an U.S./Canadian (British) border along this parallel: The boundary along this parallel extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes: annexation of Texas, diplomatic ineptness of U.S./Mexican relations in the 1840's and particularly the provocation of U.S. troops on the Rio Grande. |
|
|
Term
| Mexican-American War: Results |
|
Definition
| Results: U.S. captured Mexico City, Zachary Taylor was elected president, Santa Ana abdicated, and Mexico ceded large parts of the West, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and California, to the U.S. |
|
|
