Term
| What are the functions of premolars |
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Definition
Mastication
Maintaining vertical dimension of face
Assist canines to shear or cut food
Support cheeks and corners of the mouth |
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Term
| Why is the term "premolar" better than "bicuspid"? |
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Definition
| Most premolars have two cusps (one buccal and one lingual) but sometimes three cusps (one buccal and two lingual) |
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Term
How many facial lobes do premolars have?
How many lingual lobes? |
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Definition
3 facial lobes (like anterior teeth)
one or two lingual lobes corresponding to one or two lingual cusps |
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Term
| What traits of premolars are similar to anterior teeth? |
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Definition
-Crowns taper to lingual
-Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) similar in shape (but less curve)
-Roots: facial and lingual are convex and taper narrower apically |
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Term
| What traits of premolars differ from anterior teeth |
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Definition
Two or three occlusal cusps versus incisal edge
Marginal ridges more horizontal (EXCEPT mandibular first premolar)
Crowns are shorter but root similar
Height of contour: Facial in cervical third, lingual in middle third
Contact areas are more cervically located |
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Term
| What traits differentiate mandibular first from mandibular second premolars? |
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Definition
Mandibular premolars vary in shape more than maxillary premolars
Mandibular second premolar is the only premolar more likely to have three cusps (one buccal and two lingual: mesiolingual and distolingual) |
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Term
| Is the 1st mand premolar longer/shorter than the 2nd? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mandibular premolar buccal cusp is sharper? |
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Definition
| Buccal cusp of mandibular first premolar is sharper than second |
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Term
| Where are cusp notches more common on mand premolars? |
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Definition
| Cusp notches more common on mesial of first and distal of second |
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Term
| Which mand premolar is more curved? |
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Definition
| CEJ is more curved on mandibular first premolar than on the second |
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Term
| What is the only adult tooth where the mesial contact is more cervical than the distal |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the buccal ridge depressions on either side of buccal ridge (when present) more likely deeper on both mandibular premolars? |
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Definition
| on the mesial of first premolar and on the distal of second premolar |
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Term
| What is common with the mand premolar root? |
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Definition
| a distal bend of apex for both mand premolars |
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Term
Which direction do mandibular premolar crowns taper narrower?
What is the exception? |
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Definition
| Most mandibular premolars taper narrower toward lingual (EXCEPT three-cusp type of mandibular second premolar where lingual half may be wider than buccal half) |
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Term
Is the lingual cusp of the 1st or 2nd manx premolar quite a bit shorter than the buccal?
Which one is nonfunctional? |
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Definition
-Lingual cusp of mandibular first premolar is quite a bit shorter than the buccal
-Lingual cusp of mandibular second premolar is slightly shorter than the buccal, and is mesial to midroot axis
The lingual cusp of manx 1st premolar is nonfunctional |
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Term
| When the mandibular second premolar has two lingual cusps, which cusp is normally wider and longer? |
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Definition
| The mesiolingual cusp is normally wider and longer than the distolingual |
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Term
| What is the only premolar (only posterior tooth) to have its mesial marginal ridge more cervical than the distal |
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Definition
| mandibular first premolar |
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Term
| Which mand premolar have 2 lingual cusps with a lingual groove separating them? |
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Definition
| only mandibular second premolars |
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Term
| Which premolars have a mesiolingual groove separating mesial marginal ridge from lingual cusp ridge |
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Definition
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Term
| From the proximal view, which mand premolar crown tip more noticeably to the lingual? |
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Definition
| more so on mandibular first premolar than second |
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Term
| What is the outline shape from the proximal view on mand premolars? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lingual cusps are short or longer than the buccal cusp on mand premolar? |
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Definition
| Lingual cusps are shorter than buccal, more so on first with nonfunctional lingual cusp |
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Term
| Which premolar's mesial marginal ridge slopes at 45 degrees, nearly parallel to triangular ridge |
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Definition
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Term
| from the proximal view, which premolar has a mesiolingual groove present? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the CEJ curve more on the mesial or distal on mand premolars from the proximal view? |
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Definition
| More CEJ curve on mesial than distal surface (as on all premolars) |
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Term
| Is the buccal or lingual CEJ more occlusal on manx premolars from the proximal view? |
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Definition
| Lingual CEJ more occlusal than buccal (as on all premolars |
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Term
| Does the mand 1st premolar have root depressions? If so, which is deeper? |
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Definition
| Mandibular first premolar has mesial and distal root depressions, deeper on distal |
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Term
| Does the mand 2nd premolar have root depressions? If so, which is deeper? |
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Definition
| Mandibular second premolar likely to have distal root depression but none on mesial |
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Term
The Mandibular 1st premolar from the OCCLUSAL view:
Does the distal or mesial half have more bulk?
Which corner is flat (pushed in)?
What is the outline? |
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Definition
Has more bulk in distal half than mesial half
Mesiolingual corner is flat (pushed in)
Diamond-shaped outline |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of mandibular 2nd premolars and what are their outline shapes from the OCCLUSAL view |
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Definition
- Two-cusped type has round or oval outline
- three-cusped type has more square outline; may actually taper narrower from lingual to buccal (and from distal toward medial) = EXCEPTION to the rule |
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Term
| What premolar from the occlusal view may have a lingual half that is wider mesiodistally than buccal half (EXCEPTION to the rule)? |
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Definition
| three-cusped mandibular second premolar |
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Term
| Which tooth has a prominent transverse ridge that may separate mesial and distal fossae (with no central groove)? The mesial and distal pits resemble "snake eyes" |
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Definition
| mandibular first premolars |
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Term
| Which tooth has a central groove that connects mesial and distal pits; no lingual groove (groove pattern may be H or U shaped) |
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Definition
| mandibular second premolars |
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Term
| What is the only premolar with central fossa/pit? |
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Definition
| three-cusp mandibular second premolar |
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Term
| Is there a transverse ridge on 3-cusp mandibular second premolars? Why? |
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Definition
| No - 3 triangular ridges; none connect |
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Term
| What may the central groove of 3-cusp mandibular second premolar be called? |
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Definition
| mesial and distal grooves joining at central pit |
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Term
What grooves are not common on mandibular premolars?
Although, what premolar often has a mesiolingual groove? |
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Definition
Marginal ridge grooves
mandibular 1st premolar often has a mesiolingual groove, which separates the mesial marginal ridge from lingual cusp |
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