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Definition
| occurs when firms shift jobs from one country to another |
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Definition
| Board of directors hold top management responsible for organizational performance |
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Definition
| Ability to understands oneself, exercise initiative, accept responsibility, and learn from experience |
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Term
| Performance effectiveness |
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Definition
| An input measure of the resource costs associated with goal accomplishment |
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Definition
| An overall measure of the quantity and quality of work performance with resource utilization taken into account |
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Definition
| supervise non-managerial workers |
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Definition
| oversee large departments or divisions |
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Definition
| are responsible for performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its major parts |
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Definition
| make sure the organization is run right |
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Definition
| are responsible for work activities that directly affect organization’s outputs |
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Definition
| use technical expertise to advise and support the efforts of line workers |
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Definition
| are responsible for a single area of activity |
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Definition
| are responsible for more complex units that include many functional areas |
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Definition
| work in public and nonprofit organizations |
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Term
| Managerial performance Accountability |
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Definition
| the requirement to show performance results to a supervisor |
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Definition
| Capacity to get things done with help |
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Term
| Katz’s Essential Managerial Skills |
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Definition
| Conceptual, Human, and Technical Skills |
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Term
| Scientific management (created by who?) and Motion Study |
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Definition
| The Gilbreths; Science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions |
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Term
| Administrative principles (Who? And what are they) |
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Definition
| Henri Fayol; Foresight, Organization, Command, Coordination, Control |
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Definition
| there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization |
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Definition
| each person should receive orders from only one boss |
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Definition
| one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective |
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Term
| Bureaucratic organization (Who? and what does this mean) |
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Definition
Bureaucracy
An ideal, intentionally rational, and very efficient form of organization
Based on principles of logic, order, and legitimate authority |
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Term
| Follett’s Organizations as communities (Who and what does this mean) |
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Definition
| Mary Parker Follett; Groups allow individuals to combine their talents for a greater good |
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Definition
| Initial study examined how economic incentives and physical conditions affected worker output |
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Definition
| people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected |
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Term
| Maslow’s theory of human needs |
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Definition
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| A satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior |
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Definition
| A need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower-level need is satisfied |
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Definition
Dislike work
Lack ambition
Are irresponsible
Resist change
Prefer to be led |
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Definition
Willing to work
Capable of self control
Willing to accept responsibility
Imaginative and creative
Capable of self-direction |
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Term
| Argyris’s theory of adult personality |
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Definition
| Psychological success occurs when people define own goals. Classical management principles and practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent with the mature adult personality |
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| Foundations for continuing developments in management |
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Definition
Evidence-based management
Quality management
Contingency thinking
Organizations as systems
Quantitative analysis and tools |
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Definition
| Problem encountered, it is systematically analyzed, appropriate mathematical models and computations applied, optimal solution identified |
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Definition
| Organizations that interact with their environments in the continual process of transforming resource inputs into outputs |
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Definition
| Collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose |
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Definition
| Tries to match managerial responses with problems and opportunities unique to different situations |
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Definition
Global quality management
Refine and upgrade quality to meet ISO standards |
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Term
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Definition
| preferences about desired ends |
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Definition
| preferences regarding the means to desired ends |
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Definition
| Delivers the greatest good to the most people |
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Definition
| Advances long-term self-interests |
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Definition
| Respects and protects the fundamental rights of all people |
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Definition
| policies and rules fairly applied |
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Definition
| fair distribution of outcomes |
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Definition
| people treated with dignity and respect |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ethical behavior is always determined by cultural context. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior unacceptable in one’s home environment should not be acceptable anywhere else. |
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Definition
| Imposing one’s ethical standards on others. |
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Term
| Ethics intensity or issue intensity |
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Definition
| the extent to which situations are perceived to pose important ethics challenges |
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Term
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Definition
Government laws and regulations
Competitive climate in an industry
Societal norms and values |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Barriers to whistleblowing include |
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Definition
Strict chain of command
Strong work group identities
Ambiguous priorities |
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Term
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Definition
| persons, groups, and other organizations directly affected by the behavior of the organization and holding a stake in its performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity of the stakeholder to positively or negatively affect the operations of the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the validity and legitimacy of a stakeholder’s interest in the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a stakeholder’s concerns need immediate attention. |
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Definition
| Taking personal responsibility to always respect and protect the interests of society at large |
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Term
| Triple bottom line/3 P’s of organizational performance |
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Definition
| profit, people, and planet |
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Term
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Definition
| Management’s only responsibility is to maximize profits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Management must be concerned for the broader social welfare, not just profits. |
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Term
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Definition
Approaches business decisions with the understanding that economic and social progress are interconnected
Virtuous circle-socially responsible behavior improves financial performance which leads to more responsible behavior |
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Definition
| Take leadership in social initiatives |
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Definition
| Do minimum ethically required |
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Term
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Definition
| Do minimum legally required |
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Definition
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Definition
| The oversight of the top management of an organization by a board of directors. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy/objectives of political party running the government |
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Definition
| norms, customs, social values |
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Term
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Definition
| development and availability of technology |
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Term
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Definition
| nature and conditions of environment |
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Term
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Definition
| outsourcing of jobs to foreign locations |
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Term
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Definition
| return of jobs from foreign locations |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate blockage of public access to information posted on the Internet |
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Definition
| people born within a few years of one another and who experience somewhat similar life events during their formative years |
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Term
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Definition
| norms, human rights, demographics, and societal values |
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Term
| Two dimensions of environmental uncertainty |
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Definition
Degree of complexity
Rate of change |
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Term
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Definition
Product innovation
Process innovation
Business model innovation |
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Term
| Social business innovations |
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Definition
| find ways to use business models to address important social problems |
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Term
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Definition
Step 1: Imagining
Step 2: Designing
Step 3: Experimenting
Step 4: Assessing
Step 5: Scaling |
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Term
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Definition
| creates products/services that become so widely used that they largely replace prior practices and competitors |
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Definition
| makes use of environmental resources to support societal needs today while also preserving and protecting them for future generations |
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Term
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Definition
Land
atmosphere
Water
Minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| operates in ways that meets the needs of consumers while protecting the environment |
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Term
| Sustainable/green innovations |
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Definition
| help reduce an organization’s negative impact; enhance positive impact on the natural environment |
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Term
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Definition
concern for the effect of management practices on employee physical and psychological well-being
Health and wellness programs
Stress management
Minimizing work-family conflict
Control over work
Fair wages and opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
| Nations cooperate while respecting different national characters and interests |
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Definition
| The process of growing interdependence among elements in the global economy |
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Definition
| Managing business and organizations with business interests in more than one country |
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Definition
| Is culturally aware and informed on international affairs |
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Term
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Definition
| Conducting for-profit transactions of goods and services across national boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| involve the sale of goods or services to foreign markets but do not require expensive investments |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of purchasing materials or services around the world for local use |
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Term
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Definition
| selling locally made products in foreign markets |
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Definition
| buying foreign-made products and selling them domestically |
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Term
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Definition
| one firm pays fee for rights to make or sell another company’s products |
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Term
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Definition
| a fee is paid for rights to use another firm’s name and operating methods |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to local job creation that results from foreign direct investment |
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Term
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Definition
| operates in a foreign country through co-ownership by foreign and local partners |
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Definition
| a partnership in which foreign and domestic firms share resources and knowledge for mutual gains |
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Term
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Definition
| local operation completely owned by a foreign firm |
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Term
| Legal and political systems (Globalization)Differing Laws Regarding... |
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Definition
Business ownership
Foreign currency exchange
Protection of intellectual property rights
Counterfeit merchandise |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential loss in value of a foreign investment due to instability and political changes in the host country |
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Term
Trade Agreements and Trade Barriers
World Trade Organization |
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Definition
Most favored nation status
Tariffs
Nontariff barriers
Protectionism |
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Term
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Definition
| North American Free Trade Agreement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation |
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Term
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Definition
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
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Term
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Definition
| Southern Africa Development Community |
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Term
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Definition
| MNE (multinational enterprise) or MNC (multinational corporation) with extensive business operations in more than one foreign country |
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Term
| Transnational corporation |
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Definition
| A global corporation that operates worldwide on a borderless basis |
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Term
| Foreign Corrupt Practices Act |
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Definition
makes it illegal for U.S. firms and their representatives to engage in corrupt practices overseas
Bribes to foreign officials
Excessive commissions
Non monetary gifts |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to adapt and adjust to new cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to consider one’s own culture as superior to others |
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Term
Silent languages of
culture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
emphasize communication via spoken or written words
United States
Canada
Germany |
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Term
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Definition
rely on nonverbal and situational cues as well as on spoken or written words
Thailand
Malaysia |
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Term
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Definition
people tend to do one thing at a time
United States |
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Term
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Definition
time is used to accomplish many different things at once
Egypt |
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Term
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Definition
study of how people use space to communicate
In the U.S. people value “personal space”
Many Latin and Asian cultures expect much less personal space |
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Term
| Cultural tightness-looseness |
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Definition
Strength of norms that govern social behavior
Tolerance for any deviance from norms
Tight = Japan, Korea, Malaysia
Loose = Brazil, Hungary, Australia |
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Term
| Values and national cultures |
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Definition
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism-Collectivism
Masculinity-Femininity
Time Orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| How management systematically differs among countries and/or cultures |
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Term
| Intercultural competencies |
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Definition
| Skills and personal characteristics that help us be successful in cross-cultural situations. |
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Definition
| Need to successfully apply management functions across international boundaries |
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Definition
| Risk-taking behavior that results in new opportunities |
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Definition
| Pursues opportunities others view as problems |
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Definition
| Starts and runs business and nonprofits over and over again |
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Definition
| First to exploit a niche or enter a market |
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Term
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Definition
| Display entrepreneurial behavior as employees of larger firms |
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Term
| Necessity-based entrepreneurship |
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Definition
| People start a business because no other employment opportunities exist |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique form of ethical entrepreneurship that seeks new ways to solve pressing social problems |
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Definition
| One business owner sells to another the right to operate the same business in another location |
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Term
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Definition
| Use open source software and free web services to contain costs while staying small and keeping operations simple |
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Term
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Definition
| Offers space, shared services and advice to get small businesses started |
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Term
| Small Business Development Centers |
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Definition
| Founded with U.S. Small Business Administration to provide advice to new and existing small businesses |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual or married couple pursuing business for a profit. This does not involve incorporation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more people agree to contribute resources to start and operate a business together |
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Term
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Definition
| The owners share management responsibilities |
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Term
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Definition
General partner manages the business
Limited partners share profit but losses are limited to the amount of their investment |
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Term
Limited
Liability Partnership |
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Definition
| Limits the liability of one partner for the negligence of another |
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Term
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Definition
| A legal entity that exists separately from its owners |
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Term
| Benefit Corporation (B Corp) |
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Definition
| Corporate form for businesses whose stated goals are to combine making a profit with benefiting society and the environment. combination of sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation |
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Term
| Limited Liability Corporation (LLC) |
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Definition
A combination of sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation
Protects owners against personal loss other than what is invested in the company
Treated as a proprietorship or partnership for tax purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves borrowing money from another person, a bank, or a financial institution |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves exchanging ownership shares for outside investment monies |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves making large investments in new ventures in return for an equity stake in the business |
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Term
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Definition
| A wealthy individual willing to invest in return for equity in a new venture |
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Term
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Definition
| Entrepreneurs starting new ventures go online to get startup financing from crowds of investors |
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