Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Evolutionary trends of Proboscidea |
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Definition
Deepening of teeth,
Shortening of skull,
Lengthening of trunk and legs. |
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Term
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Definition
One of the most modern elephants
Only recently extinct. |
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Term
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Definition
African elephant,
Possibly 2 species,
21 ribs,
Double head dome,
Large ears,
Double finger on trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Asiatic or Indian elephant
19 ribs,
Head dome,
Small ears,
Single finger on trunk |
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Term
| Ordinal Characteristics (feet and trunk) |
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Definition
Fibrous fatty cushion(Distribute weight evenly)
Digitigrade |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones are large and stacked to support immense weight. |
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Term
| Trunk-centered hypothesis |
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Definition
| Structure of elephant lungs and thoracic cavity suggests adaptation for snorkeling |
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Term
| Early snorkeling adaptations suggest |
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Definition
Evolution of from aquatic animal,
Lengthening of trunk preceded lengthening of legs, |
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Term
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Definition
Pleural membrane replaced by thick plates of dense connective tissue,
Pleural cavity filled with loose connective tissue.
Diaphragm much thicker than animal size suggests |
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Term
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Definition
Tool:
grazing, object manipulation, moving water,
Sense Organ:
touch, smell,
Social-signaling Organ:
trumpet, visual signals, touch-communicator, |
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Term
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Definition
Second upper incisors,
Utility and social importance,
Evolutionary tendency for tusks to lengthen and skull shorten,
Tusk ivory highly poached. |
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Term
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Definition
Grinding ridges,
6 molarform teeth,
1 tooth per quadrant,
Magazine replacement from rear,
Shedding, |
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Term
| Social behavior(Proboscidea) |
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Definition
Female grouping(matriarchal)
-Adult females and offspring
Bachelor male herds or solitary males |
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Term
| Communication (Proboscidea) |
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Definition
Low frequency sounds
Trumpeting |
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Term
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Definition
High hormone levels,
Aggressive behavior,
Temporal glands drain,
Penis drips,
Testosterone levels soar, |
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Term
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Definition
Threat and dominance
Radiators
African are larger |
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Term
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Definition
African larger
Asian convex - African concave spinal line,
African two-lip Asian one-lip trunk,
Male Africans have emergent tusks |
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Term
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Definition
Ever growing incisors,
Diastema,
Reduced # of teeth,
Molars for chewing, |
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Term
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Definition
| Toothless gap between incisors and molars, allows for filtering and carrying |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scaly-tailed squirrels and spring-hares |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| kangaroo rats and pocket mice |
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Term
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Definition
| mouse- and rat-like rodents |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in gamete size |
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Term
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Definition
Primary (conception)
Secondary (Birth)
Tertiary (Reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
Predator pressure
Food distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when densities are low and home range of male only overlaps one female |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when male parental investment is required for offspring survival |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual male monopolizes more than one female. |
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Term
| Resource defense polygyny |
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Definition
| males defend areas containing critical feeding and nesting sites |
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Term
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Definition
| Females are gregarious (harems) |
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Term
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Definition
| Males are not involved with parental care and have little opportunities to control resources or mates, Leks. |
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Term
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Definition
Female monopolizes more than one male
(ex. African wild dogs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that produce anatomical and behavioral traits which affect an individuals ability to acquire mates |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits or behaviors influencing mate choice.(female choosing male) |
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Term
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Definition
| traits or behavior to best compete for access to mates of the opposite sex |
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Term
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Definition
| The sex which invests the most in producing offspring becomes a limiting resource over which the other sex will compete |
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Term
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Definition
| physical differences in the males and females of a species |
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