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Definition
| social situations that a large number of observers feel were innapropriate and need remedying |
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| Deviants who violate the expectations of society. Due to the environmental surroundings and being labeled "abnormal" |
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| Two types of Social Problems |
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Definition
1. Norm violations (powerful people and and public decide what are considered social problems)
2. Social conditions (stray away from individuals and concentrate on society as whole) |
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| The need for creative and constructive involvement of productive, significant activity. (Maslow's heirarchy of needs) |
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| Institutionalized devience |
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Definition
When a society and its formal organizations are not meeting the needs of individuals
*Escapes criticism and is rarely idnetified as a social problem |
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Term
| The Sociological Imagination |
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Definition
- view world from perspective of others
- focuses on the social, economic, and historical circumstances that produce the problem
- see things on an individual level but at societal level as well
- be able to question the arrangements that shapes social behavior
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| the individual is at fault for a social problem |
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| the system or deviants are blames for a social problem |
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| implies that the culture of the group in question is not only inferior but also deficient (majority vs. minority) |
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| The reinvolvement of crime |
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| the placement of people in the stratification system is a function of their ability and effort. (The rich are rich because they deserve to be) |
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Term
| 3 components of Capitalism |
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Definition
1. Private ownership of property
2. Profit
3. Competition |
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Definition
| an economic system where the means of production are owned by the people for their collective benefits. |
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Term
| 5 principles of Socialism |
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Definition
1. Democratism
2. Egalitarianism (equal opprotunity for all, share benefits in society)
3.Community (ex. universal health care)
4. Public ownership
5. Planning (goal is to run the economy for the good of society) |
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Term
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Definition
| When four or fewers companies supply 50% of more of a particular market |
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Term
| Interlocking directorates |
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Definition
| The interlocking linkage between corporations that results when an individual serves on the board of directories for two companies (direct) or when two companies each have a director on board of a third company (indirect). |
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Definition
A government is run by a group of few very powerful people.
It is said this is what the US is turning into. |
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Definition
| A government that is run by or in the interest of the rich. |
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Definition
| A political system that is of, by, and for the people. There is equality and decisions are made to maximize the common good. |
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Definition
| People who occupy the power rolls in society. They are either wealthy or represent the wealthy. |
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| The bias that pressures the gov to do certain things and not other things. |
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| The ability to get what one wants from someone else, by force, authority, manipulation, or persuasion. |
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Definition
| The average number of births per woman. |
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Term
| 3 ways to reduce fertility rate |
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Definition
- Economic development
- Family-planning programs
- Social change
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Term
| Modern Demographic Transition |
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Definition
| A three stage pattern of population change occuring as societies industrialize and urbanize, resulting ultimately in a low and stable growth rate. (agriculture, transition, and later transition stages) |
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Term
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Definition
| Both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a low population growth rate. |
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Term
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Definition
birth rates remain high but death rates decrease because of medicine, increase of hygiene, safe water, and better diets
*most societies |
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Term
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Definition
| Societies become more urban and traditional customs have less of a hold, birthrates decline, slowly the population will stop (Europe+Japan) |
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Term
| What is the most significant societal change that needs to be made to reduce fertility rate? |
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Definition
| Change the role of women. Fertility rates drop when a woman gains opprotunities and a voice in society. |
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Term
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Definition
| (extreme poverty) People who make less than $1 a day. More than 3 in 10 people are in this category. |
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Definition
the changes throughout one's life cycle to live and experience the good things in life.
*Maldistribution in life chances between developed and developing nations |
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| Primary problem of food and hunger |
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Definition
| Inequality of control over productive resources- most land is controlled by a small elite. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of freedom, exploitation of people for profit, control of slaves through violence or threat.
*27 million slaves today
*Parents sell their children for as little as $15 in hopes of giving them a better life. |
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Definition
| A territory controlled by a powerful country that exploits the land and the people for its own benefit. |
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Definition
| The exporting of goods that have either been banned or not approved for sale in US because they are dangerous. |
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Term
| 3 Negative effects of corporate dumping |
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Definition
- Poses serious health hazards
- Contributes to the anit-US feelings in host countries
- Boomerang effect if brought back to US, can harm us
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Term
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Definition
| A movement to improve community environments by eliminating toxic hazards. |
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Term
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Definition
| The overwhelming likelihood that toxic-producing plants and toxic waste dumps are located where poor people, especially people of color, live. |
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Term
| Alternatives to dumping in landfills |
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Definition
- Dump in ocean :(
- Reprocess trash to its original form or convert to new product
- Incarcerate garbage
- Recycle!
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Term
| Consequences of fossil fuel dependence |
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Definition
1. Give extreme wealth to the elites
2. Most nations need to export oil (carried across ocean, damages + pollutes oceanlife)
3. The emission of carbon dioxide, which adds to climate change. |
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Term
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Definition
| When harmful gases accumulate in the atomosphere and act like a glass roof of a greenhouse. |
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Term
| Corna Copia view of nature |
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Definition
Belief that nature is a vast + bountiful storehouse to be used by human beings.
*abuses the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Manufacturing and selling goods designed to wear out or become out of fashion. |
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Definition
| Sacrifice present gains for future wants. |
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Definition
| The poor, because of dangerous jobs and residential segregation, are exposed to more of environmental dangers. |
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| The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group, losing their original identity. |
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Definition
| The study of the population. |
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Definition
| Taxing at a set percentage, which takes a larger proportion of the wealth from the poor than from the nonpoor. |
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Definition
| The proportion of the population who work compared to the proportion who do not work. |
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Definition
| The approach in a health facility that focuses on meeting the needs of residents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The approach in the health facility that focuses on meeting the needs of the institution, resulting in poor-quality care for the patients. |
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Term
| Beanpole family structure |
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Definition
| A family structure in which the number of living generations within linkages increases, but there is an intergenerational contraction in the number of members within each generation. |
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Definition
| Where parents care for both their parents and their children at the same time. |
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Definition
| The devaluation of and the discrimination against the elderly. |
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Definition
| People are agents and actors who cope with, adapt to, and change societal structures to meet their needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The response by some people to the aging process of retreating from relationships, organizations, and society. |
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