Term
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Definition
| Estimated Average Requirement - Intake at which the risk of inadequacy is 50 percent |
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Term
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Definition
| Intake at which the risk of inadquacy is 2-3 percent |
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Term
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Definition
| adequate intake - range of intake that healthy people will take in |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper limit - limit that is intake exceeds this amount the risk of adverse effects increases |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that is taken in at the gram level or higher |
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Term
| How much protein is recommended per day? How much does the average person eat? |
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Definition
0.8 g/kg/day is the recommendation.
Most people eat around 100 g/day (too much) |
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Term
| What type of diets lead to protein deficiencies? What causes these deficiencies? |
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Definition
Vegetarian diets.
Problem is not that they do not get enough protein, they do not get the right balance of essential amino acids |
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Term
| What is the difference between marasmus and kwashiokor? |
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Definition
marasmus - general starvation (low protein and a hypocaloric state)
kwashiokor - protein deficiency with adequrate calorie intake |
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Term
| What is the main cause of kwashiokor and what are its effects? |
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Definition
| Main cause is an infection. Effect is low albumin in blood to maintain and osmotic balance, so edema happens |
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Term
| Whats the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| Simple carbs are more quickly digested into monosaccharides, whereas complex hydrolyze slowly and in multiple steps and involve multiple enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| A non-nutritive essential component of our diet that produces a fuel source for intestinal cells |
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Term
| What are the health effects of dietary fiber? |
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Definition
1. Reduces constipation
2. Increased bowel motility
3. decreased absorption of fat and cholesterol |
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Term
| What types of foods have a high glycemic index? |
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Definition
| Foods that are digested rapidly |
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Term
| Why is muscle glucose reserves (glycogen) not available for transport to other places |
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Definition
| Muscles do not have glucose 6-phosphatase |
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Term
| What are the two essential fatty acids? |
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Definition
Linoleic and linolinic
Note: These are essential because their double bonds are too close to the omega carbon. They play a role in signaling and membrane structure |
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Term
| What are the 2 most important omega 3 fatty acids? |
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Definition
EPA and DHA
Note: These are essential FAs |
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Term
| What fatty acid imbalance currently exists in most people? |
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Definition
| Too many omega-6 FAs and not enough omega-3 FAs |
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Term
| What factors can influence the resting metabolic rate? |
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Definition
1. Hormoes (Thyroid, sex, growth, epinephrine, cortisol) increase RMR
2. Stress and trauma increase RMR
3. Starvation can decrease RMR (which is why starvation diet does not work) |
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Term
| How does our caloric need vary with age? |
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Definition
| As we age, our needed calorie level to maintain our existence decreases... so obesity increases with age (this is due to increased efficiency of our bodies) |
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