Term
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Definition
| measured in grams, burned as fuel |
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Term
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Definition
| milligrams, not synsthesized by body (vitamins) |
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Term
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Definition
55% of total calories
Deficiency: ketosis (metabolic acidosis), loss of Na+ and dehydradtion, tissue breakdown
Excess: stored as glycogen and fat |
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Term
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Definition
| can be digested, major source of fuel- Glucose |
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Term
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Definition
ranks carbs based on their rate of glycemic responce - rate and magnitude of rise/fall in blood glucose
higher values cause most rapid responce (glucose, dates, baked potato, corn flakes) |
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Term
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Definition
| ranks foods based in GI and portion size |
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Term
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Definition
cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
decreses time in intestine |
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Term
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Definition
pectins and gums
1. slows gastric emptying
2. decreases rate of sugar uptake
3. lowers serum cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
Comes from dietary fat
n-6: linoleic acid
n-3: linoleic acid |
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Term
| Essential fatty acids serve as a precursor for what? |
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Definition
Eicosanoid synthesis
1. prostaglandins
2. thromboxanes
3. leukotriends |
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Term
| Essential fatty acid deficiency |
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Definition
Scaly dermatitis
EFA def. is rare in US but can occur in...
1. low birth weight infants on artificial formula
2. adults on parenteral nutrition |
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Term
| Dietary protein is provides what? |
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Definition
Amino acids and precursors for synthesizing...
1. proteins and peptides
2. nitrogenous substances such as DNA |
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Term
| Recommended protein intake |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Essential amino acids (can't be synthesized in the body) |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized using glucose as a source of carbon, given there is a source of amino nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| difference between nitrogen in and nitrogen excreted |
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Term
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Definition
N in > N out
1. pregnancy/lactation
2. Growth
3. Recovery from trauma or infection |
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Term
| Negative nitrogen balance |
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Definition
N in < N out
1. Stress
2. Trauma or surgery
3. Burns
4. Illness
5. Inadequate dietary protein (missing essential amino acids*) |
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Term
| Biological value of dietary protein depends on.... |
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Definition
1. ease of digestion/absorption
2. proportions of essential amino acids (animals higher than plants) |
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Term
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Definition
| Proportion digestibility-corrected amino acid score: used to evaluate protein for nutritional value |
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Term
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Definition
| food, water of oxidation, Dietary liquids |
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Term
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Definition
| Feces, evaporation, perspiration, urine |
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