Alcohols

Ethanol

[image]

Sugars

[image]

Acts as an acid by contributing an H+ Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

[image]

Amino Acids

[image]

Energy transfer

[image]

Biological Tag

[image]

Small organic molecule

Repetitive building blocks

Ex: Glucose

[image]

• Enzyme splits OH from one monomer and H+ from another
• Covalent bond forms between monomers
• OH and H+ form H2O

[image]

• Enzyme adds water and splits molecule
• OH and H+ are attached

[image]

Positioning of carbonyl group is key.

[image][image]

• Glucose polymer
• Store energy
• Temporary source of energy via hydrolysis 

• Not True Polymers
• Hydrophobic (water insoluble)
• Fats

Single Bond

Solid at Room Temperature

Animals

One or More Double Bonds

Room Temperature: Liquid

Plants

Store Energy

Insulation

Cushioning

• Makes cell membrane
• Two fatty acids attached to glycerol
• Third is phosphate group
• Hydrophilic Head
• Hydrophobic Tail

[image]

• Cholesterol
• Testosterone
• Estrogen

• Diverse function
• Enzymes
• Structure
• Hormones
• Storage
• Formed from amino acid monomers
• Each has unique function + structure

1. Primary Structure
2. Secondary Structure
3. Tertiary Structure
4. Quaternary Structure

Unique sequence of Amino Acids

[image]

Hydrogen bonds - coil and fold

[image]

Bends and folds in itself

Hydrophobic regions interact

Becomes Functional

[image]

Aggregation of Multple Subunits

[image]

Unravels into non-native shape

Due to environmental factor (temp, pH)

MAY renature

• Store transmit genetic information
• DNA and RNA
• AGCT: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)

[image]

Base Pairing Rules

AGCT

A --> T or U

G---> C