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| British general who was military governor of Massachusetts; he commanded the British army of occupation at the beginning of the Revolution |
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| Soldiers who were not members of a regular army but were ordinary citizens ready to be called out in case of an emergency |
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| A general pardon granted by a government, especially for political offenses |
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| British general in command at the Battle of Bunker Hill, three years later, he was appointed commander in chief of British forces in America |
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British assault on American troops on Breed's Hill near Boston in June 1775; the British won the battle but suffered heavy losses
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| Commander in chief of the Continental Army; he led the Americans to victory in the Revolutionary War and later became the first president of the United States |
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| British admiral who commanded British naval forces in America; General William Howe was his brother. |
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| Designed for military operations abroad |
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| German mercenaries known as Hessians after the German state of Hesse. |
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| To seize for military use |
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British general who recaptured Fort Ticonderoga but was forced to surrender his entire army at Saratoga in October 1777
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| Vermont militiamen led by Ethan Allen |
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A Philadelphian whose acts of daring and bravery made him a favorite of George Washington until he committed treason in 1780.
His name is now synonymous with traitor. |
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| Winter encampment (1777-1778) of Washington's army in Pennsylvania, where soldiers were poorly supplied and suffered terribly from cold and hunger |
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| Prussian military officer who volunteered to drill Washington;s army at Valley Forge, giving the Continental troops much-needed military training at a pivotal period in the war. |
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| General who replaced William Howe as commander of the British forces in America in 1778; the change of command was in response to the British defeat at Saratoga. |
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| American writer, inventor, and diplomat who negotiated French support for the American Revolution in 1778 |
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| Loans obtained at a low rate of interest |
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| Unscrupulous use of one's position to derive profit or advantage |
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| An officer responsible for purchasing the food, clothing, and equipment used by troops |
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| A supplier of food and other essentials to the Continental Army, members of a commissary received a commission for their services. |
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| Revolutionary general who was envious of Washington and allowed his egotism to dictate his decisions on the battlefield; he was eventually dismissed from service. |
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Battle fought in New Jersey in June 1778, in which the American retreat ordered by Charles Lee was stopped by General Washington
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British general who was second-in-command to Henry Clinton; his surrender at Yorktown in 1781 brought the Revolutionary War to a close
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| Battle of King's Mountain |
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Battle fought in October 1780 on the border between the Carolinas; revolutionary troops forced the British to retreat to South Carolina
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| American general who took command of the Carolinas campaign in 1780 |
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| French aristocrat who served on Washington's staff during the Revolution |
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Port town in Virginia on the York River near Chesapeake Bay; its location on a peninsula allowed American and French forces to trap the British in their encampment there
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| Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War in 1783; it gave the Northwest to the United States, set boundaries between the United States and Canada, and called for the payment of prewar debts |
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| A nation in which supreme power resides in the citizens, who elect representatives to govern them |
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| Government that guarantees the security and freedom of the people and interferes as little as possible with their lives |
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| Depriving a church of official government support |
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| A public shelter for the poor |
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| The legal right of the eldest son to inherit the entire estate of his father |
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| A legal limitation that prevents property from being divided, sold, or given away |
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| A role for women that stressed the importance of instructing children in republican virtues such as patriotism and honor |
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| African=born poet who became the first widely recognized black writer in America |
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| the legal act of giving a slave freedom |
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