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| Tendency to depend too heavily on a limited amount of info when making decisions. |
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| The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating. |
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a mental image or best example of a category.
Ex: Robin is a prototype for birds/ not penguins |
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Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem.
step by step but may take longer. |
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Simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements & solve problems efficiently.
-speedier than Algorithm but more error prone. |
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| Tendency to search for info that confirms one's preconception |
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| Taking credit for success, but not blame for failure. |
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Inability to see a problem from a new perspective.
-impediment to problem solving |
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A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.
-The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology |
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| Representativeness heuristic |
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| Judging the liikelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes. |
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| Tendency to be more confident than correct. |
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Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
-If instances come readily to mind, we presume such events as common.
-Ex: 911 |
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How an issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
-95% of patients live vs 5% die |
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| Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |
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| Study activities such as logical & illogical ways in which we create concepts, solve problems,make decisions, and form judgments. |
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| Involves a sudden novel realization of a solution to a problem |
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