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| study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environments |
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| non-living (physical) factors in the environment (air, temperature, light, soil, water, rocks and nutrients) |
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| living or dead organisms in the environment |
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| organisms that use sunlight to produce food (mostly plants) |
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| organisms that eat (consume) other organisms for energy |
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| are organisms that get their food by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal waste ("nature's recyclers") (bacteria and fungi) |
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| a close relationship between two different organisms |
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- mutualism (+/+)
- commensalism (+/0)
- parasitism (+/-)
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| type of symbiosis in which both species benefit |
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| type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited |
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| type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed |
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| when two or more individuals or popluations try to use the same limited resource such as food, water, shelter, space or sunlight |
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| 2 MAJOR REASONS FOR COMPETITION |
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- carrying capacity
- limiting factor
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| the largest population that an environment can support at any given time |
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| a factor that limits population growth such as food, water, shelter ,space or sunlight |
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| when one organism preys on another organism |
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| 2 ORGANISMS INVOLVED IN PREDATION |
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| an animal that hunts other animals for food |
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| an animal that is hunted by other animals |
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| LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION |
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- organism
- population
- community
- ecosystem
- biosphere
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| any living thing that can live on its own |
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| a poplulation is a group of organisms of the SAME SPECIES living in one area |
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| a community is made up of all the populations of DIFFERENT SPECIES in an area but not the abiotic factors of that environment |
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| made up of a community of organsisms and its abiotic environment |
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| the part of the Earth where life exists |
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| consumer that eats a variety of meat, fruit and vegetables |
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consumer that eats plants
(a cow is an herbivore) |
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consumer that eats only animal
(a wolf is a carnivore) |
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diagram that shows the flow of energy
(the original source of energy for a food chain is the sun) |
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| an organism that feeds on dead animals |
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a diagram that shows the loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem's food chain, from the producers to the top predators.
(The base, producers, contains the most energy)
(The top has the fewest organisms and the least amount of energy)
When moving up the pyramid, the animals get larger in size |
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| shows all the ways energy flows to and from all organisms in an ecosystem |
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| the part of an ecosystem in which an animal lives |
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the role an organism play in an ecosystem and how an organism interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in its environment
(a niche can include an organism's habitat, it's role in the environment and the abiotic factors in the organism's environment |
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