Term
| What happened in the centuries after the fall of the Han Dynasty and in what year did it fall? |
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Definition
regional kingdoms fought for power in China
220 C.E. |
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Term
Who set up the Sui dynasty and gained control of China?
How long did it rule China?
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Definition
Yang Jian from N.China
the Sui ruled from 589 to 618
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Term
| How did the Sui Dynasty stabilize China and extend its power? |
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Definition
-emperors built palaces, granaries, and repaired defensive walls
-sent soldiers to Central Asia and Korea
-Sui Yangdi (604-618) completed the Grand Canal that facilitated communication and trade for 1000 years
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Term
| Why was Tang Taizong one of the greatest Tang emperors? |
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Definition
-he built a capital at Chang'an
-he tried to be a Confucian ruler
-Banditry was put under control
-very low taxes on peasants |
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Term
How did the Tang Dynasty add to China's power and how long did it rule?
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Definition
-maintained efficient communication systems (roads, horses, and human runners)
-equal-field system dealt with the problem of the unequal dist. of wealth
-used a merit based bureaucracy
-Korea recognized China as overlord
-western conquests extended to the Aral Sea
-ruled from 618 to 907
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Term
| What caused the fall of the Tang Dynasty? |
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Definition
uprising of a military commander in the 8th century, followed by a rebellion led by Huang Chao who was a hero of the poor in the late 9th century
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Term
What were chief characteristics of China under the Song Dynasty (960-1279)?
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Definition
-mistrusted military
-focused on civilian government
-supported industry, arts, education
-large bureacracy became financially draining
-weak military enabled nomads to push the Song to the south
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Term
Why did agricultural production increase under the Tang and the Song (7th to 13th century)?
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Definition
-Sui and Tang brought back fast-ripening rice from Vietnam
-used heavy iron plows harnessed to oxen/buffalos
-used pumps and water wheels in irrigation
-stable supply of rice |
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Term
| What kind of cultural advances took place in the Tang and Song Dynasties? |
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Definition
-poet Li Bo celebrated cosmopolitan life
-produced high quality porcelain
-used coke to make steel for weapons
-alchemists invented gunpowder
-printing became common in Tang Dyanasty
-naval improvements allowed for travel and trade
-city life flourished, as China was the most urbanized country in the world
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Term
| What societal changes took place in Tang and Song China? |
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Definition
--patriarchy intensified
-footbinding, introduced under the Song, showed the inferior status of women
-population grew tremendously from 45 million in 600 C.E. to 115 million in 1200
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Term
| How did Mahayana Buddhism influence Confucianism? |
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Definition
-it gave Confucianism a spiritual aspect, and Neo-Confucianism would emerge
-Neo-Confucianists were concerned with practical things and the nature of the soul
-Neo-Confucianism spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
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Term
| How was Korea influenced by China? |
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Definition
--in the 7th century under the Tang, Korea's Silla Dynasty recognized China as overlord
-elite classes in Korea turned to Confucianism
-the masses turned to Chan Buddhism
-did not copy the merit based bureaucracy, as elites controlled the government
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Term
| How was Vietnam influenced by China? |
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Definition
-Tang forces controlled parts of Vietnam
-Vietnamese copied agriculture, schools, and administrative techniques
-Vietnam traded with China
*Vietnamese women were more important in society than Chinese women*
-after the Tang fell, Vietnam gained its independence
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Term
| How was Japan in the Heian Era (794 to 1185) influenced by China? |
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Definition
-migrants from Korea introduced rice cultivation, bronze/iron metallurgy, and horses to Japan
-copied Chinese bureaucracy, equal-field system, writing system
-adopted Buddhism, but kept native Shintoism
-Chinese was language of gov't, business, and learning
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Term
How did political life in Japan change after the Heian Period ended?
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Definition
-Japan had a medieval era where authority was decentralized in a feudal system
-under the feudal system the emperor became a figurehead
-provincial lords had great power and were served by samurai
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Term
| Why was The Tale of Genjie significant? |
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Definition
-written in Japanese by Lady Murasaki, it is one of the world's first novels
(during the Heian Era, Japanese men wrote in Chinese) |
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