Term
| muscles of the first layer |
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Definition
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi |
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Term
| muscles of the second layer |
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Definition
quadratus plantae
4 lumbricals |
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Term
| muscles of the third layer |
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Definition
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Term
| muscles of the fourth layer |
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Definition
3 plantar interossei
4 dorsal interossei |
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Term
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Definition
1st layer plantar muscle
large muscle with a proximal expanded part covering the entrance of the plantar vessels and nerves into the foot (porta pedis) |
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Term
| origin of the abductor hallucis |
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Definition
| medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity |
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Term
| insertion of the abductor hallucis |
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Definition
| medial side of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit |
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Term
| innervation of the abductor hallucis |
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Definition
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Term
| function of the abductor hallucis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1st layer plantar muscle
lies deep to the central part of the plantar aponeurosis |
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Term
| origin of the flexor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
plantar aponeurosis
medial and lateral intermuscular septa
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity |
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Term
| insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
| middle phalanges of the lateral 4 digits |
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Term
| innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
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Term
| function of the flexor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
| flexor of the proximal IP joints of the 4 lateral digits and of the MP joints |
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Term
| variation of the flexor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
| tendon of the 5th digit may be absent |
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Term
|
Definition
1st layer plantar muscle
lies superficially along the lateral margin of the foot |
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Term
| origin of the abductor digiti minimi |
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Definition
| lateral and medial processes of the calcaneal tuberosity |
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Term
| insertion of the abductor digiti minimi |
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Definition
| lateral side of the plantar surface of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit |
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Term
| innervation of the abductor digiti minimi |
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Definition
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Term
| function of the abductor digiti minimi |
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Definition
| abduct and flex the 5th digit |
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Term
| abductor os metatarsal digiti minimi |
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Definition
| accessory insetion into the base of the 5th met forming a variation on the abductor digiti minimi |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd layer plantar muscle
has two heads of origin separated form each other by the long plantar ligament |
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Term
| origin of the quadratus plantae |
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Definition
larger medial head - medial process of the calcaneus
smaller lateral head - lateral process of the plantar surface of the calcaneus |
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Term
| insertion of the quadratus plantae |
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Definition
| tendon of the flexor digitorum longus |
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Term
| innervation of the quadratus plantae |
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Definition
| trunk of the lateral plantar nerve |
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Term
| function of the quadratus plantae |
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Definition
| accessory flexor of the later 4 toes |
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Term
| variations of the quadratus plantae |
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Definition
| eather the lateral head or the entire muscle may be absent |
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Term
| origin of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricals |
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Definition
| adjacent sides of the tendon2 of flexor digitorum longus |
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Term
| origin of the 1st lumbrical |
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Definition
| medial side of the most medial tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
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Term
| insertion of the 1st lumbrical |
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Definition
| extensor expansion of the 2nd digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 2nd lumbrical |
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Definition
| extensor expansion of the 3rd digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 3rd lumbrical |
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Definition
| extensor expansion of the 4th digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 4th lumbrical |
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Definition
| extensor expansion of the 5th digit |
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Term
| innervation of the 1st lumbrical |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricals |
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Definition
| deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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Term
| function of the lumbricals |
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Definition
| flex the MP joints and extend the IP joints |
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Term
| variations on the lumbricals |
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Definition
one or more lumbricals may be absent
3rd or 4th lumbrical may be doubled
may insert into the bone of the proximal phalanx instead of the extensor expansion |
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Term
| origin of the flexor hallucis brevis |
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Definition
lateral head - cuboid, near the peroneal groove
deep fibers of medial head - tendon of tibialis posterior
superficial fibers of medial head - intermuscular septum between the medial and central compartments |
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Term
| insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis |
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Definition
medial head - medial side of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx, medial sesmoid and plantar pad of the hallux
lateral head - lateral side of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx, lateral sesmoid and plantar pad of the hallux |
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Term
| innervation of the flexor hallucis brevis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the flexor hallucis brevis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| variations of the flexor hallucis brevis |
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Definition
| attachment tot he cuboid may be absent and there may be an additional insertion into the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit |
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Term
| origin of the adductor hallucis |
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Definition
oblique head - plantar surface of the bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th mets and from the tendon of peroneus longus
transverse head - plantar plates, plantar MP ligaments and the deep transverse metatarsal ligament |
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|
Term
| insertion of the adductor hallucis |
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Definition
| lateral side of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx, lateral sesmoid and the plantar pad of the hallux |
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Term
| innervation of the adductor hallucis |
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Definition
| deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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Term
| function of the adductor hallucis |
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Definition
| adducts the 1st toe at the 1st MP joints |
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Term
|
Definition
variation on the adductor hallucis
portion of the muscle inserts into the 1st met |
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Term
| origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
plantar surface of the base of the 5th met
tendon of the peroneus longus
plantar aponeurosis |
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Term
| insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
| plantar surface of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit |
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|
Term
| innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
| superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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Term
| function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
| flex and abduct the 5th digit |
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Term
|
Definition
variation on the flexor digiti minimi brevis
deeper fibers form a part of a separate muscle |
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Term
| origin of the plantar interossei |
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Definition
| bases and medial sides of the shafts of the 3rd, 4th and 5th mets |
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Term
| insertion of the plantar interossei |
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Definition
| medial sides of the bases of the proximal phalanges, capsules of the MP joints and extensor expansions |
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Term
| innervation of the 1st and 2nd plantar interossei |
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Definition
| deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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Term
| innervationof the 3rd plantar interossei |
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Definition
| superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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|
Term
| function of the plantar interossei |
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Definition
| adductors of the 3rd, 4th and 5th digits |
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|
Term
| origin of the dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| adjacent sides of the metatarsal bones |
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Term
| insertion of the 1st dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| medial side of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the 2nd digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 2nd dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| lateral side of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the 2nd digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 3rd dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| lateral side of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the 3rd digit |
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Term
| insertion of the 4th dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| lateral side of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the 4th digit |
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Term
| innervation of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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|
Term
| innervation of the 4th dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
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|
Term
| function of the dorsal interossei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles innervated by the medial plantar nerve |
|
Definition
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
1st lumbrical
flexor hallucis brevis |
|
|
Term
| muscles innervated by the trunk of the lateral plantar nerve |
|
Definition
abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae
abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi (when present) |
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|
Term
| muscles innervated by the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
|
Definition
2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricals
adductor hallucis
1st and 2nd plantar interossei
1st, 2nd and 3rd dorsal interossei |
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Term
| muscles innervated by the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve |
|
Definition
flexor digiti minimi brevis
3rd plantar interossei
4th dorsal interossei |
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