Term
| Bariatric surgical procedues are either |
|
Definition
| malabsorptive or restrictive |
|
|
Term
| bypass a portion of the small intestine, which reduces food absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduces the size fo the stomach so that the patient feels full after eating only a small amount of food and takes in fewer calories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bariactric surgical procedures |
|
Definition
| roux en y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal sweitch with bilipancreatic diversion, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding |
|
|
Term
| common type of bariatric surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a small pouch that allows very small amounts of food and fluid to enter is created at the top of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a term used to describe a condition in which one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some causes of malabsorption |
|
Definition
| bacteria, deficiences of bile salts or digestive enzymes, alterations in the intesteinal mucosa, absence of all or part of the stomach or intestines |
|
|
Term
| two examples of malabsorption are |
|
Definition
| spru and lactase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| two types of sprue exist: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| celiac diseas is caused by a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by svere changes in the intestinal mucosa and impaired absorption of most nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tropical sprue is caused by an _ and results in malabsorption of _ |
|
Definition
infections agent,
fats, folic acid, vitamin b12 |
|
|
Term
| people with lactase deficiency do not have adequate alctase to metabolize |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lactase deficiency may be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of acquired lactase deficiency include |
|
Definition
| inflammatory bowel disease, gastroenteritis, sprue syndrome |
|
|
Term
| comon sign of malabsorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the presence of excessive fat in the stool, stools are large bulky, foamy and foul smellign |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt with malabsorption may also have |
|
Definition
| weight loss, fatigue, decreased libido, easy bruising |
|
|
Term
| the diagnosis of sprue and celiac disease is based on |
|
Definition
| lab studies, endoscopy with biopsy, and radiologic imaging studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| celiac disease is treated by avoiding products that contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| products that contain gluten |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tropical sprue is treated with |
|
Definition
| antibiotics, oral folate, and vitamin b12 injections |
|
|
Term
| defined as the passage of loos liquid stools with increased freqency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that can cause diarrhea |
|
Definition
| spoild foods, allergies, infections, diverticulosis, malabsorption,c nacer, stress, fecal impactions and tube feedign s |
|
|
Term
| diarrhea poses an increased threat to the: |
|
Definition
| very old, young and those in poor health |
|
|
Term
| chronic diarrhea interferes with absorption of nutrients and can lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute diarrhea is usally treated by |
|
Definition
| resting the digestive tract and giving antidiarrheal drugs |
|
|
Term
| severe, persistent diarrhea may require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abdominal cramping associated with dirrhea is often relived by _ that reduce intestinal activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a condition in which a person has hard dry, infrequent stools that are passed with difficulty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a diet that is low in _ and high in foods such as _ promotes constipation |
|
Definition
fiber
chees, lean meant, pasta |
|
|
Term
| drug used for _ may cause constipation |
|
Definition
| anethesia, pain relief, cold symptoms |
|
|
Term
| straining occurs when a person attempts ot exhale with the glottis closed causing increased pressure in the chest and abdominal cavities, this is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic constipation also contributes to the development of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another complication of constipation is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a bulk forming stool softener |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the intestinal tract metamucl absorbs water to produce a _ to aid in the passage of a soft stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an enema or suppository usually acts within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a laxative may take as long as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a condition in which the larg intesteine loses the ability to contract effectively enough to propel the fecal mass toward the rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the retentio of a large mass of stool in the rectum that the patient is unable to pass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when fecal impaction occurs, some liquid stool trickles around the impaction and may be mistake for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consider possible impaction when a patient who has not had a bowl movement for several days has repeated episodes of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intestinal obstruction can be caused by many factors including |
|
Definition
| strangulated hernia, tumor paralyitic ileus, stricture, volvulus, intussesception and post op adhesions |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of intestinal obstruction are most acute when an obstructio is located in the _ |
|
Definition
| proximal portion of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| early symptoms of obstruction are |
|
Definition
| vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation |
|
|
Term
| when there is an intestinal obstruction gastric contents are vomited first followed by |
|
Definition
| bile and then fecal matter |
|
|
Term
| with an intestinal obstruction _ may be passed rectally |
|
Definition
| blood or purulent drainage |
|
|
Term
| if blood supply to the intestine is impaired _ may occur |
|
Definition
| gangrene and perofration of the bowel |
|
|
Term
| the initial treatment of obstruction is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when assessing for intestinal obstruction ascultat for _ and gently palpate for _ |
|
Definition
| rapid high-pitched tinkling bowel sounds, tenderness and guarding |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the peritoneum, caused by chemical or bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chemical contamination r/t peritonitis may follow rupture of a digestive tract structure including |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial contamination r/t peritonitis may be caused by rupture of _ or from _ |
|
Definition
| digestive tract structure or fallopian tube, nonsterile traumatic wounds |
|
|
Term
| complications of peritonitis include |
|
Definition
| abscesses, adhesions, septicemia, hypovolemic shock, paralytic ileus and possible organ failure |
|
|
Term
| s&S of peritonitis include |
|
Definition
| pain over affected area, rebound tenderness, abdominal rigidity and distention, fever, tahcycardia, tachypnea, nausea and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| the older pt with peritonitis may have more subtle symptoms with less |
|
Definition
| pain and the absence of abdominal ridgidity |
|
|
Term
| diagnostic tests and procedures to diagnose peritonitis include |
|
Definition
| CBC, serum electrolyte measurments, abdominal radiography, and ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| to treat peritonitis a _ is inserted for GI decompression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the bulgin portion of intestine through the weak muscle is called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| weak locations, susceptible to hernias includ |
|
Definition
| the ubilicus and lower inguinal areas of the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| hernias may also develop at the site of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hernias are classified as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hernia that slips back into the abdominal cavity with gentl pressure or when the patient lies on his or her back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the hernia cannot be manipulated back into place it is said to be |
|
Definition
| irreducible or incarcerated |
|
|
Term
| an irreducible hernia may impair blood flow to the trapped loop of intestine causing it to become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hernias are usually diagnosed when a patient reports |
|
Definition
| a smooth lump on the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| hernias are usually not painful unless they become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with incarceration r/t a hernia the pt has severe |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, and distention, vomiting and cramps |
|
|
Term
| the repair of the muscle defect by suturing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if additional measure are needed to strengthen the abdominal wall a _ is done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after hernia repair surgery, activities are usually restricted for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory bowel disease refers to |
|
Definition
| ulcerative colitis and chron disease |
|
|
Term
| chron disease is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in both IBD conditions _ of the lining of the intestinal tract occurs |
|
Definition
| inflammation and ulceration |
|
|
Term
| with ulcerative colitis, the inflammation typically begins in the _ and gradually extends up the bowel toward the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the progression of crohn disease is different in that it can: |
|
Definition
| affect any area of the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| when ulcerative colitis affects only the rectum, commonly the patient may have |
|
Definition
| diarrhea with frequent blood stools and abdominal cramping and fever and weightloss in sever cases |
|
|
Term
| If the stomach and duodenum are infolved with crohns disease symptoms include |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting and epigstric pain |
|
|
Term
| involvement of the small intestine with chrohns disease produces |
|
Definition
| pain, abdominal tenderness and cramping |
|
|
Term
| ann inflamed colon r/t crohns disease typically causes |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, cramping, rectal bleeding and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| systemic s&s of IBD include |
|
Definition
| fever, night sweats, malaise and joint pain |
|
|
Term
| the local complications of IBD include |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, abscesses in t he anus or rectum, fistulas, megacolon |
|
|
Term
| patients who have had ulcerative colitis for 10 years have a greatly increased risk of |
|
Definition
| coancer of the large intestine |
|
|
Term
| systemic complications of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
| inflmmation fo the joints and eyes, skin lesions, urinary stones and lvier disease |
|
|
Term
| to confirm diagnosis of IBD the health care provider may order a |
|
Definition
| colonoscopy with biopsy, a barium enema, examination with air contrast, ultrasonography, CT and cell studies |
|
|
Term
| drugs that may be used alone or in combination to treat IBD depending on the specific situation |
|
Definition
| corticosteroids, immunosuprressant agents, antidiarheal agents, anticholinergics, antibiotics, aminosalicylates, ieron supplements and vitamin b12, infliximab(remicade), antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| anticholinergics are used in IBD to: |
|
Definition
| reduce pain and GI motility |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics usually used to treat crohns disease |
|
Definition
| sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin or sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Term
| amino salicylates are used in crohns disease to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is used to block the inflammatory process in crohn disease for patients who do not respond well to azathioprine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patients with ulcerative colitis are usually maintained between acute episodes with |
|
Definition
| aminosalicylates, (6-MP is appropriate as well in some conditions) |
|
|
Term
| Crohn disease is less responsive to aminosalicylates so the patient may be maintained on |
|
Definition
| azathioprine or 6-MP(mercaptopurine) |
|
|
Term
| the type of diet prescribed for mild to moderate IBD |
|
Definition
| low-roughage diet without milk products |
|
|
Term
| prescribed drugs for diarrhea r/t IBD usually include |
|
Definition
| antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, anticholinergics, antibiotics and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| foods that are not allowed with IBD are |
|
Definition
| whole grains, nuts, and raw fruits and veggies |
|
|
Term
| the antibiotic most often prescribed for patients with ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
