Term
| Define superficial fascia? |
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Definition
| subcutaneous layer, immediately deep to the skin/cutaneous layer |
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Term
| What is superficial fascia composed of? |
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Definition
| composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue |
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Term
| List the contents of superficial fascia? |
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Definition
| superficial veins, superficial lymph nodes and lymph vessels, and cutaneous nerves |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of superficial veins? |
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Definition
-carry blood from inferior to superior -can generally be seen through the skin -in atheletes, many bulge beneath the skin -in general, pass superficial to the cutaneous nerves |
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Term
| What is the function of the common dorsal digital veins? |
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Definition
collect blood from the toe and drain into dorsal metatarsal veins ex. the 1st and 2nd common dorsal digital veins drain into the 1st dorsal metatarsal vein |
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Term
| How are common dorsal digital veins labeled? |
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Definition
| label as 1 to 8 medial to lateral |
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Term
| What are the proper dorsal digital veins? |
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Definition
| of the hallux and 5th toe |
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Term
| What is the function of the proper dorsal digital vein of the hallux? |
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Definition
| drains from the dorsomedial aspect of the hallux and 1st metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
| What does the Proper dorsal digital vein of the hallux become? |
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Definition
| becomes the medial marginal vein |
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Term
| What is the function of the proper dorsal digital vein of the 5th toe? |
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Definition
| drains from the dorsolateral aspect of the 5th toe and 5th metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
| what does the proper dorsal digital vein of the 5th toe become? |
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Definition
| becomes the lateral marginal vein |
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Term
| T/F The marginal veins can be difficulat to distinguish, may be absent? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the two marginal veins? |
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Definition
| Medial and Lateral marginal vein |
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Term
| What is the function of the medial marginal vein? |
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Definition
| drains from the medial border of the forefoot and the proper dorsal digital vein of the hallux |
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Term
| What does the medial marginal vein drain into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the lateral marginal vein? |
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Definition
| drains from the lateral border of the forefoot and the proper dorsal digital vein of the 5th toe |
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Term
| What does the lateral marginal vein drain into? |
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Definition
| drains into the small saphenous vein |
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Term
| How many dorsal metatarsal veins are there? |
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Definition
4 (label as 1 through 4 from medial to lateral) |
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Term
| Dorsal metatarsal veins receive blood from? |
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Definition
| 2 adjacent common dorsal digital veins and two perforating branches from deep layers of the foot |
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Term
| The Dorsal metatarsal veins drain into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the location of the dorsal venous arch? |
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Definition
| passes across the dorsum of the foot often at the level of the metatarsal bases |
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Term
| Where does the dorsal venous arch recieve blood from? |
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Definition
from the dorsal metatarsal veins and sometimes the proper dorsal digital veins |
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Term
| Where does the dorsal venous arch drain into? |
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Definition
| drains into the great saphenous vein medially, and the small saphenous vein laterally |
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Term
| Describe the location of the small saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| begins as the union of the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch and the lateral marginal vein, then passes posteror to the lateral malleolus of the ankle region |
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Term
| Describe the path of the small saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| travels superiorly near the midline of the leg, at the posterior aspect, to the popliteal area where it passes throught the deep fascia to join the popliteal vein, which is part of the venous system |
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Term
| Describe the location of the Great saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| begins as the union of the medial part of the dorsal venous arch and the medial marginal vein, then passes anteriorly to the medial malleolus at the ankle region |
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Term
Describe the path of the Great Saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| travels superiorly at the medial aspect of the leg, passes posteromedially along the popliteal surface (usually about 1 hand breadth posterior to the medial edge of the patella) continues in a superolateral direction to the groin where it passes throug the saphenous opening/fossa ovalis in the deep fascia to join the femoral vein which is part of the deep venous system |
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Term
| The great saphenous vein passes through what opening to join the femoral vein? |
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Definition
| saphenous opening/fossa ovalis |
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Term
| T/F the superficial plantar venous network has very thin intradermal and subdermal veins without valves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the superficial plantar venous network drain into? |
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Definition
| into medail and lateral marginal veins or into dorsal digital veins through perforating branches |
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Term
| What 3 groups are Inguinal lymph nodes organized as? |
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Definition
| Horizontal and vertical superficial inguinal lymph nodes and deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| T/F Superficial inguinal lymph nodes are usually palpable, but are firm and tender (painful to patient) when inflamed |
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Definition
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Term
| Most efferent vessels pass to the ______lymph nodes in the pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The horizontal group superficial inguinal lymph noes lie where? |
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Definition
| along the inguinal ligament |
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Term
| The vertical group superficial inguinal lymph noes lie where? |
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Definition
| along the termination of the great saphenous vein and the fossa ovalis |
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Term
| What does the horizontal group superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain? |
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Definition
| the superficial areas of the inferior abdominal wall and a small area of the proximal anterior thigh |
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Term
| What does the Vertical group superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain? |
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Definition
| from the superficial areas of the thigh, leg and foot except the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the lateral aspect of the foot |
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Term
| Are the deep inguinal lymph nodes palpable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes located? |
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Definition
| lie deep to the fascia layer, along the femoral vein near its termination |
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Term
| T/F the Deep inguinal lymph nodes lie in the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain? |
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Definition
| the deep tissues of the lower limb (tissues deep to the deep fascia) |
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Term
| T/F efferent vessels pass to the external iliac lymph nodes in the pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Popliteal lymph nodes are deep lymph nodes and palpable only when inflamed |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located? |
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Definition
| lie along the small saphenous vein near its termination and deep to the popliteal fascia |
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Term
| What do the popliteal lymph nodes drain? |
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Definition
the posterolateral aspect of teh leg and the lateral aspect of the foot |
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Term
| Efferent vessels from deep inguinal lymph nodes pass to where? |
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Definition
| external iliac lymph nodes in the pelvis |
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Term
| efferent vessels from the popliteal lymph nodes pass to where? |
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Definition
| the deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| efferent vessels from anterior tibial lymph nodes pass to where? |
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Definition
| to the deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| What drains the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the lateral aspect of the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drains from the superficial areas of the thigh, leg and foot except the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the lateral aspect of the foot? |
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Definition
Vertical group superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| Where is the anterior tibial lymph node located? |
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Definition
| lie near the proximal end of the anterior tibial artery near the interosseous membrane, deep to the muscles here. |
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Term
| An infection of the 5th tow will generally cause inflammatin of the_____nodes first, then inflammation of the _______lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| popliteal lymph nodes, deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
An infection of the Hallux will generally cause inflammation of the _____lymph nodes first, and this may pass to the _____lymph nodes, but definitely will pass to the _____lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Vertical superficial inguinal, deep inguinal, external iliac |
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Term
| deep pedal infections from any area will create inflammation of the_____? |
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Definition
| deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| Deep pedal infection from the dorsum of foot will generally cause inflammation of the the _____first. |
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Definition
| anterior tibial lymph node |
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Term
| Deep pedal infection from planta of foot and calcaneal region will generally create inflammation of ______lymph nodes first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rami of the subcostal nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
T-12 -supplies small area anterolateral aspect of the thigh just inferior to the groin |
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Term
| What is the rami of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-1, L-2 -supplies small area at anterior thigh just inferior to the groin and medial to subcostal nerve distrubution. |
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Term
| What is the rami of the ilioinguinal nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-1 -small area at the medial aspect of thigh just inferior to the groin |
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Term
| What is the rami of the lateral fermoral cutaneous nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-2, L-3 -the anterolateral aspect of thigh (from subcostal distrubution to the knee) |
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Term
| What is the rami of the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-2, L-3 -the anterior aspect of the thigh (from the ilioinguinal and genitfemoral nerve distrubuitions to the knee) |
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Term
The intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve is sometimes replaced by what? |
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Definition
| femoral branch of the genito femoral nerve or branches of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve |
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Term
| What is the rami of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-2, L-3 -the anteromedial aspect of thigh (from the ilioinguinal nerve distribution to the knee) |
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Term
What is the rami of the obturator nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-2,3,4 -the central part of the medial aspect of the thigh (from the ilioinguinal nerve distribution to the inferior 1/3) |
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Term
| What is the rami of the lateral cutaneous nerve of calf and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-5, S-1,2 -the lateral 1/2 of the leg from the knee to the inferior 1/3 leg |
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Term
| What is the rami of the saphenous nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-3,4 -the entire medial 1/2 of the leg from the knee to the foot including the medial longitudinal arch; does not include the heel |
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Term
| What is the only nerve of the leg that can be traced to lumbar plexus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rami of the superficial fibular/peroneal nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-4,5 & S-1 the anterolateral aspect of the inferior 1/3 of the leg, the anterolateral aspect of the ankle and the dorsum of the foot except the lateral 1/2 of the 5th digit and the 1st web space |
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Term
| What is the rami of the Deep fibular/peroneal nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
L-5, S-1,2 -supplies the 1st web space and the adjacent sides of the 1st and 2nd toes |
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Term
| What is the rami of the medial calcaneal nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
S-1, S-2 -the medial 1/2 of the heel;medially, plantarly and posteriorly |
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Term
| What is the rami of the sural nerve and what does it supply? |
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Definition
S-1, S-2 -area of the posterior aspect of the leg from mid-calf, to the posterolateral aspect of the ankle, the lateral aspect of the foot, the lateral longitudinal arch and the lateral 1/2 of 5th toe |
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Term
Describe the location of the subcostal nerve? |
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Definition
| exits deep fascia anterior to the iliac tubercle |
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Term
Describe the location of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve? |
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Definition
| passes deep to the inguinal ligament and exits the deep fascia near the fossa ovalis |
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Term
Describe the location of the Ilioinguinal nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia through the superficial inguinal ring (with the spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus) |
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Term
Describe the location of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve? |
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Definition
| exits deep fascia near the anterior aspect of the iliac crest |
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Term
Describe the location of the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia through the sartorius muscle lateral to the fossa ovalis |
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Term
Describe the location of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia inferolateral to the fossa ovalis |
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Term
Describe the location of the obturator nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the medial aspect of the thigh near the juntion of the proximal and middle thirds |
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Term
Describe the location of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the posterolateral edge of the knee region |
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Term
Describe the location of the saphenous nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the inferomedial aspect of the thigh near the knee. |
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Term
Describe the location of the superficial fibular/peroneal nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the aterolateral aspect of the leg near midlevel |
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Term
Describe the location of the medial calcaneal nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the posteromedial aspect of the ankle near the calcaneus; pierces the flexor retinaculum |
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Term
Describe the location of the Sural nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia at the posterior aspect of the leg in the proximal 1/3 |
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Term
Describe the location of the iliohypogastric nerve? |
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Definition
| exits the deep fascia near the lateral aspect of the iliac crest |
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Term
Describe the location of the superior cluneal nerves? |
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Definition
| exit the deep fascia at the posterior aspect of the iliac crest |
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Term
Describe the location of the middle cluneal nerves? |
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Definition
| exit the deep fascia over the sacrum |
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Term
| What makes the middle cluneal nerves different from the rest of nerves of lower limb? |
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Definition
come from DORSAL rami of S-1,2,3 instead of ventral rami |
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Term
Describe the location of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve? |
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Definition
main branch passes inferiorly along the anterior aspect of the fascia lata -small branches from the main branch exit the deep fascia all along the posterior aspect of the thigh, popliteal and calf region. |
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Term
Describe the location of the inferior cluneal nerves? |
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Definition
exit the deep fascia at the gluteal fold |
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Term
Describe the location of the perforating cutaneous nerves? |
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Definition
| exits deep fascia at the inferomedial aspct of the gluteal region |
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Term
Describe the location of the lateral cacaneal nerves? |
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Definition
| arises in the superficial fascia between the calf and the ankle |
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Term
Describe the location of the medial plantar nerve? |
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Definition
| small branches exit the deep fascia along the medial 2/3 of the plantar midfoot and forefoot |
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Term
Describe the location of the lateral plantar nerves? |
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Definition
| small branches exit the deep fascia along the lateral 1/3 of the plantar midfoot and forefoot |
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Term
What area does lateral plantar nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
the plantar lateral aspect of the foot from just distal to the heel to the lateral 1 1/2 toes S-1, S-2 |
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Term
What area does medial plantar nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
the plantar medial aspect of the foot from just distal to the heel to the medial 3 1/2 toes L-4, L-5 |
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Term
What area does lateral cacaneal nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
arises in the superficial fascia between the calf and ankle. S-1,2 |
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Term
The lateral cacaneal nerves are branches of what nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
What area does perforating cutaneous nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
the inferomedial gluteal area skin S-2, S-3 |
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Term
What area does inferior cluneal nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
the inferior area of the gluteal region S-1,2,3 |
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Term
| The branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve are called? |
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Definition
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Term
What area does posterior femoral nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
inferior gluteal region, the posterior aspect of the thigh, the popliteal fossa and the superior central aspect of the calf S-1,2,3 |
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Term
What area does Middle cluneal nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
skin of the medial aspect gluteal region Dorsal rami of S-1,2,3 |
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Term
What area does Iliohypogastric nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
superoposterolateral area of the gluteal skin, small area L-1 |
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Term
What area does superior cluneal nerve supply? What rami does it come from? |
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Definition
skin of superolateral aspect gluteal region L-1,2,3 |
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Term
| Describe the path of superficial fibular/peroneal nerve and what rami it comes from. |
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Definition
courses inferomedially and divides just proximal to the ankle L-4,5 & S-1 |
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Term
What is the path of medial Dorsal cutaneous nerve? What does it innervate? |
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Definition
-passes anterior to the ankle near the center and is palpable here -the medial part of the dorsal midfoot, the divides aids in supply to the 1st webspace |
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Term
| What does the proper dorsal digital nerve 1 supply? |
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Definition
| the doromedial aspect of the hallux |
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