Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common acute viral infection in children, characterized by obstruction of the larynx;symptoms include labored breathing; a harsh, barking cough; and stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high-pitched sound on inspiration produced by the pharynx or larynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an acute, contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes a leathery false membrane to form in the pharynx and trachea. The disease also causes production of a systemic toxin that is especially damaging to the tissues of the heart and the central nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a highly contagious, bacterial upper respiratory infection (URI). Also known as whooping cough; it is characterized by sudden (oxysm/o), or paroxysmal, spasms of coughing, followed by a whooping inspiration |
|
|
Term
| obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) |
|
Definition
| a sudden cessation of breathing during sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| a group of diseases characterized by difficult expiration. The most common of these are asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called reactive airway disease—is a chronic, intermittent inflammatory disorder in which the bronchi in the lungs become obstructed by swelling (bronchial edema), constriction, and increased mucus production as a result of an overresponsiveness to a host of triggering agents. These triggers can include pollutants, infection, cold temperatures, vigorous exercise, emotional stress, and certain medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous whistling sounds caused by air being forced through narrowed air passages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coarse, loud rumbling sounds similar to snoring and are caused by congestion and inflammation in the larger bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fine crackling sounds heard during inhalation, caused by excess bronchial tube secretions in the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| chronic bronchitis (a type of COPD) |
|
Definition
| a respiratory disorder in which inflammatory changes to, and narrowing of, the bronchi cause airflow limitation; distinguished by the excessive production of mucus and a recurrent cough; onset is slow, progressive, and continuous. Development of the disease is associated with cigarette smoking, infection, and inhaled irritants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leading cause of cancer death in men and women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung cancer arising from the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with cigarette smoking and the inspiration of cancer-causing agents in the environment. This type of cancer derives from small cells called "oat cells"—hence its name. It tends to spread rapidly through the lymphatic system and the bloodstream and has a poor prognosis. Treatment includes chemotherapy and radiation. |
|
|
Term
| adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| two types on non small cell lung cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually develops in the peripheral lung tissue, is the most common type of lung cancer and is highly metastatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tends to develop from the lining of the bronchial passages; this type of cancer does not metastasize rapidly and has a better prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inherited disorder that affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory system as well as the pancreas and the sweat glands; the mucous glands produce thick, abundant secretions that cause airway obstruction; the disease is usually recognized in infancy or early childhood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a respiratory disorder characterized by chronic, abnormal dilation of the bronchi; This condition is typically caused by bacterial infection in the lower lobes of the lungs. The infection weakens the walls of the bronchi and eventually can destroy them. Pus-filled, or purulent, material—bacteria and mucus—then collects within pockets of the damaged bronchial walls; may also be caused by an obstruction, below which the bronchial walls become distended or dilated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are substances that filter from cells or capillaries into lesions or areas of inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a scratchy sound produced by the pleural surfaces rubbing against each other—a painful condition indeed; This usually occurs when the pleura have been thickened and roughened by inflammation or scarring or, in some cases, neoplastic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an acute inflammation of the alveoli, which fill with pus or other wastes in response to infective agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Smoking, the presence of pollutants, and a compromised immune system are among the predisposing factors for development of this; by high fever, chills, headache, coughing, and chest pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fluid-filled area within the lungs often seen in pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid, blood cells, and other debris consolidate, or solidify, within the alveoli of one or more lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consolidation occurs primarily in the terminal bronchioles, affecting a smaller area and resulting in milder symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
|
Definition
| seen in patients with immunosuppressive disorders like AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| . It is an infectious disease caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis—rod-shaped bacteria, or bacilli (sing., bacillus), that invade the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus-filled lesion in the lung, usually caused by aspiration of bacteria. In addition to producing infection, the aspirated organisms cause death, or necrosis, of lung tissue. When the necrotic tissue is coughed up, an air-filled cavity remains in the lung; usually accompanied by high fever, chills, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and foul-smelling, purulent sputum |
|
|
Term
| emphysema (a type of COPD) |
|
Definition
| the alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become hyperinflated, and eventually rupture. The disorder is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and is often preceded by chronic bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) |
|
Definition
| an early symptom of emphysema; As the disease progresses and more alveoli become distended, trapped air in the lungs results in development of the characteristic "barrel chest." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficiently to the lungs, causing enlargement of the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sometimes referred to as collapsed lung, is characterized by incomplete expansion (often because of pain on inspiration) or collapse of the alveoli; a condition of being without a complete dilation or widening of a structure—or, in other words, the loss of ability of the lung to expand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin. It involves the development of inflammatory lesions and the proliferation of lymphatic tissue. Common sites for the formation of lesions include the lungs, spleen, liver, skin, and mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of restrictive lung disease. It is a benign, self-limiting disorder that may resolve without treatment. When treatment is required, steroids are often used to relieve symptoms and to manage the inflammation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of occupational-related restrictive lung diseases characterized by inflammation, infection, and bronchitis. These conditions are the result of inhaling substances found in the workplace (coni/o means dust) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Types of pneumoconiosis caused by the inspiration and accumulation of asbestos particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Types of pneumoconiosis which develops from the accumulation of silica or glass dust in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of pneumoconiosis; black lung disease caused by the inspiration and accumulation of coal dust in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the alveoli, bronchioles, and interstitial spaces of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pulmonary artery clot (thrombus) (Fig. A) arising from a peripheral vein to lodge in the pulmonary vasculature; Common symptoms include sudden dyspnea, chest pain, and cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the death (necrosis) of lung tissue caused by an interrupted blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane that enfolds both lungs and lines the chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the pleura. Common causes include bacterial or viral infections such as pneumonia or tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a grating sound that occurs as one layer of the pleural membrane slides over the other during breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive fluid can accumulate in the pleural space as a consequence of infection, malignancy, or trauma. This condition results in fever, progressive dyspnea, and nonproductive cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid accumulates between the lung and chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gas or air collect in the pleural space or chest cavity; accompanied by chest pain, rapid breathing, a weak pulse, dizziness, and a cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition of blood in the chest or pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spitting of blood or blood-stained sputum from the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rare malignant tumor that is derived from mesothelial tissue—a flat layer of cells that covers the surface of the pleural membrane. Development of the tumor is associated with exposure to asbestos; a fatal condition |
|
|
