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the study of the interactions among organisms and their environment
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nonling parts of the environment
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is needed by all organisms for cell and life processes
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determine where plants and animals can live
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gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are needed by species
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types determine what plants and animals can live in an area
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living or once-living parts of the environment
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all members of one species living together
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groups of populations that interact with each other in a given area
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the biotic community and its abiotic factors
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large area containing several ecosystems
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the top layer of the Earth's crust, all water, and the atmosphere
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number of individuals in a population
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number of individuals in a particular area
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how organisms are arranged in an area
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a biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the size of a population
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the maximum population size that can live in an environment over time
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the size a population could reach if no limiting factors stopped its growth
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close interaction between species
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when both species benefit from the relationship
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a helpful relationship to one species but has no effect on the other
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when one species is harmed and the other benefits
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occurs when one species hunts, kills and eat another
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an organism's function in its ecosystem
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moves through a community as producers and consumers interact
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how food energy moves from one organism to another
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overlapping food chains to better show the way energy moves through an ecosystem
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