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| the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. |
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| The lithosphere is made up of the upper mantle and the crust. It is the top layer of the Earth. |
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| the outermost layer of rock of Earth |
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| is the thick layer of hot, solid rock between the Earth's crust and the molten iron core. |
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| fluid layer of Earth made of mostly iron and nickel |
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| solid core of the earth made of iron |
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| Density is the amount of matter in a given amount of space. D= mass / volume |
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| the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface |
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| a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust |
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| Magma is molten rock located inside the Earth |
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| causes the movement of tectonic plates |
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| A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward each other |
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| places where plates slide sideways past each other |
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| A crack in the Earth’s Surface |
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| the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake |
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| the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. |
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| is a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake. Magnitude is based on measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. |
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| a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
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a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak.
ormed through tectonic forces or volcanism. |
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| a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape |
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| is formed on a divergent plate boundary, a linear shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges |
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| Oceanic crust is located under the ocean and is more dense than continental crust which is locate under the continents. |
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Definition
| an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
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| compressional waves that move in a back and forth motion |
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| A type of seismic body wave in which rock particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave travel |
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Definition
| A seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth as opposed to through it. |
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Term
| What Causes Earth to have 4 layers? |
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Definition
| Scientist believe there are 4 layers because of the different materials the layers are composed of different materials, they all have different densities, and seismic waves travel at different speeds through them. |
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| How is oceanic crust different from continental crust? |
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Definition
| Oceanic crust is located under the ocean and is more dense than continental crust which is locate under the continents. |
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| Why is the inner core solid? |
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Definition
| The inner core of Earth has intense pressure on it from the layers above causing the molecules to vibrate in place. |
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Definition
made up of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron
it is between the core and the crust |
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| List the layers of Earth in order from less dense to most dense |
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Definition
Outer core
Mantle
Inner Core
crust |
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Term
| What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support the theory of continental drift? |
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Definition
| Fossils, Landforms, Climate |
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| What layer of Earth is broken into tectonic plates? |
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Definition
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| What causes the tectonic plates to move? |
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Definition
| because of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move |
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Term
| Draw and Label a tectonic plate boundary where subduction is occuring. |
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Definition
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| Which type of tectonic plate interaction forms a volcano? |
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Definition
| oceanic-continental collision |
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Term
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Definition
| Magma is molten rock located inside the Earth |
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Term
| Explain how volcanoes form a hot spot |
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Definition
| Oceanic crust is located under the ocean and is more dense than continental crust which is locate under the continents. |
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| What geologic events occur at a divergent boundary? |
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| formation of volcanic islands |
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| What geologic events occur at a transform boundary? |
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| continental-continental collision |
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| A crack in the Earth’s Surface |
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| Why do earthquakes occur? |
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Definition
| caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. |
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| Where do earthquakes occur most often? |
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Definition
| Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. |
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Term
| What is the epicenter of an earthquake? |
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Definition
| The epicenter is located on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus. The focus is located in the Earth’s interior where the earthquake originates. |
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Term
| What gives earthquakes their energy? |
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Definition
| The amount of stress built up on the rocks. Surface waves cause the most damage. |
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| Which type of seismic wave causes the most damage? |
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Definition
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| What gives an earthquake more or less magnitude? |
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Definition
| the amount of seismic energy released |
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| What causes the speed of seismic waves to change? |
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Definition
| type of wave, density and elasticity |
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