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A story in which the characters and happenings have hidden meanings as well as ones that are aeasily seen. Allegory is commonly used to teach or explain moral rules.
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| A reference to a historical, literary or mythological person, place, thing, or event with which the reader is assumed to be familiar. |
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| The person or force working against the protagonist. |
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| Method by which the author establishes/portrays a character. Includes a character's personality, manner, and appearance. Done through description and dialogue. |
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The author gives specific details about characters.
example - He was a tall man with flowing blond hair. |
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| INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION |
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| The reader infers character details based on actions of a character and the opinions/dialogue of others. |
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| A story's moment of highest tension; the last turning point. |
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| Identifies the forces that give rise to a plot. The conflict could be a struggle between characters, between characters and nature or society, or an internal struggle a character has with him or herself. |
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| The actual words spoken by a story's characters. |
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Simply your careful choice of words.
(When talking to a friend: "I screwed up." When talking to your boss: "There was a slight oversight.") |
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The use of indirect or polite language to express a concept generally considered unpleasant.
("Passed away" is a euphemism for "died;" "fell upon hard times" is a euphemism for "lost all his money."
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| The part of the story that gives background information. |
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language that communicates ideas beyond the literal meanings of the words
(hyperbole, metaphor, personification, and simile are all examples.) |
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| a look at something that happened before the story even began |
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| hints of something yet to come |
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a type or form of writing
example - short stories, mysteries, biographies, etc. |
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| the use of descriptive language to appeal to one of the reader's senses (touch, taste, sight, smell, or sound) |
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| the expression of an idea by saying or showing the opposite |
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| occurs when the audience knows more than the characters on stage |
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| the opposite of what is expected takes place |
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| someone says one thing and means another |
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a comparison of two unlike things without using a comparison word
example - She's a brick house. |
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| the reasons or causes for a character's behavior |
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giving human traits to a non-human
example: The branches danced in the wind. |
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| the vantage point from which the story is told |
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| FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW |
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| uses "I". Usually a character is telling the story, or the author if it is an autobiography |
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| SECOND PERSON POINT OF VIEW |
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| uses "you". The author speaks directly to the reader. Second person is seldom used; it is found most often in nonfiction today. |
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| THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW |
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| use "he, she, it, they, etc." The author is telling about the characters. |
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THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
LIMITED OMNISCIENT |
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| We are told thoughts and feelings of only one character - sometimes, but very seldom, of two or three characters. |
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THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
OMNISCIENT |
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| We are told everything about the story and its characters, even information in the author's mind which no character knows. |
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THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
DRAMATIC OR OBJECTIVE |
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| We are told only what happens and what is said; we do not know any characters' thoughts or feelings. Similar to watching a play. |
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Incidents and experiences of characters put together to create a meaningful story.
(A sequence of events.) |
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| The good "guy," or central character, who is always involved in the central conflict. |
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| All deatils, including time, of the location the story takes place in. |
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| A comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as". |
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| A character who is used to represent a large group of people. |
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Anything that stands for or suggests something else. The use of an object to represent an abstract idea.
(Hearts often symbolize love; the color white is symbolic of innocence.) |
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| What is significant and meaningful to human expreiences in the reading. What the author is trying to tell us about life or people. |
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| The attitude a writer takes toward a subject. |
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A form of negative, making something sound less than it is. Words come out less strong than anticipated.
(In the middle of a blizzard someone says, "It is a bit snowy outside." |
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