Term
| What are the 3 most important points of hepatic lipid metabolism? |
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Definition
1) free fatty acids passively absorbed by liver from blood
2) conjugation of triglyceride with apolipoprotein requires protein synthesis
3) Excretion of lipoproteins is energy dependent |
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Term
| What are the 2 possible mechanisms of increased fatty acid uptake? |
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Definition
1) ingestion
2) mobilization from fat stores due to pregnancy, starvation, etc |
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Term
| What are the rate-limiting steps of lipidosis? What happens when they slow? |
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Definition
-apoprotein production
-lipoprotein formation
-when they slow down triglycerides accumulate |
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Term
| In what 4 ways does metabolism modify due to toxicosis or hypoxia? |
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Definition
Decreased:
1) ATP
2) conversion of FAs to triglycerides
3) triglycerides to lipoproteins
4) secretion of lipoproteins |
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Term
| Explain how lipoprotein secretion can be decreased. |
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Definition
-reduced protein synthesis due to particular toxins (ex: CCl4) or malnutrition:
1) decreased apolipoprotein and/or enzyme synthesis
2) decreases triglyceride to lipoprotein reducing export |
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Term
| How does a liver with mild hepatic lipidosis look? |
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Definition
| -liver is yellow-bronze with accentuated lobular pattern due to lipid-laden hepatocytes in all centrolobular areas |
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Term
| How does a liver look with severe hepatic lipidosis? |
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Definition
-liver is diffusely pale, yellowed, friable, and greasy
-sections of the liver may float in water or formalin |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of hepatic lipidosis? |
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Definition
1) increased FA uptake: saturates metabolism
2) decrease in ATP: reduces triglyceride and lipoprotein production and lipoprotein excretion
3) decreased protein synthesis: decreases lipoprotein production |
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Term
| Definition: Atherosclerosis |
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Definition
| -vascular wall thickening due to accumulations of cholesterol-rich lipid in vessel wall |
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Term
| Where in veterinary medicine is atherosclerosis usually seen? |
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Definition
-hypothyroid dogs
-diabetic dogs and cats
-dogs with hereditary hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
| Definition: Lysosomal storage diseases |
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Definition
| -enzyme defect or absence so that appropriate breakdown and metabolism of a complex structure doesn't take place and an intermediate product accumulates within lysosomes |
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Term
| What happens to cells during lysosomal storage diseases |
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Definition
| -cells become swollen and finally vacuolated |
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Term
| True or False: Lysosomal storage diseases are an example of autosomal recessive genetic diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Neural lysosomal storage disease |
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Definition
| -accumulation of specific sphingolipids called gangliosides |
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Term
| What are the two common forms of gangliosidoses? Which is the receptor for cholera toxin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key clinical sign/lack thereof of animals with lysosomal storage diseases? |
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Definition
-they are normal at birth, clinical signs do not start until around 6m of age
-if neural, the animal's personality will change |
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Term
| Can lysosomal storage diseases be reversed? |
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Definition
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