Term
| what are the 3 criteria for a wetland? |
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Definition
1. saturated water for a min of 7 days
2. hydrophyte dominated for part of all of the year
3. hydric soils (anoxic, often OM rich) |
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Term
| one of the wetland classifactions is vegetation based what are the 4 types? describe them.. |
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Definition
1. emergent (greends, sedges, rushes, forbs aka non-woody, marshesm fens and wet meadows)
2. forested (trees present, swamps)
3. scrub/shrub (often borders a lake or stream, shrub bogs, bos can have extensive peat deposits-- peat is plant/moss derived from organic material)
4.shallow water/pond wetlands (aquatic macrophyte beds
4.shallow water/pond wetlands |
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Term
the status of wetlands (% wise) can be described as
51% -X
25%- X
18%-X |
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Definition
51% forested wetlands
25% emergent
18% shrub |
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Term
| ecology of wetlands- what are the 4 ways that different wetlands maximize different functions? |
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Definition
1. fish and wildlife habitat (wetland specific species or life history stages)
2. flood attenuation
3. sediment, nutrient retention
4. carbon sequestration |
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Term
| what are 3 effects of waterlogging (co2+H2o leads to ch20 +o2) |
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Definition
1. water prevents O2 presence in soils
2. anaerobic respiration (microbes)
3. implications for biochemistry/water qaulit |
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Term
| what are 3 characteristics of anaerobic respiration |
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Definition
1. loess effiecient, has to use oxygen substitutes
2.decomposition slows GPP>R
organic matter accumulates (peat) |
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Term
| peat is an important ____ storage tool (1/3 of all __ is in peat) |
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Definition
| carbon! when peat dries out it shrinks and burns very smoky and is hard to put out |
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Term
| one of the effects of waterlogging is on biogeochemistry/water quality using O2 substitutes (anaeorbic) what are the 6 anaeorboic processes? |
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Definition
1. denitrification (NO3 leads to N2-takes nitrate out)
2. sulfate reduction (SO42- leads to H2S)
3. mercury methylation Hg to MeHg (bad)
4. iron reduction Fe3+ to Fe2+
5. methane production CH4
6. water quality implications |
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Term
| how is water quality affected by waterlogging? |
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Definition
| N removal by denitrification and P)3 may increase thru FeP)4 to FE2+ and PO43- |
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Term
| biogeochemical hotspots in wetlands can ___ but not ___ high nutrient loads |
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Definition
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Term
| wetlands as biogeochemical hotspots are important processes that are ___ in other ecosystes |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 3 ways watland productivity is effected? |
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Definition
1. negative effort of waterlogging on plants (can control plant distribution)
2. + effect of moist soil on some plants
3. conditions favor high wetland productivity
-plenty of moisture
-limited competition
-often favorable nutrient conditions |
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Term
| __ % of original lands remain today |
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Definition
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Term
current trends:
-various incentives today to ___ wetlands
-rate of wetland loss had ___ |
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Definition
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