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Life One Planet Earth
final exam review- Exam 2(Ch.6-11)
40
Science
Undergraduate 3
05/11/2008

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Cards

Term
How many hectares of land does it take to sustain the average human?
Definition
2
Term
How many hectares does it take to sustain the average american?
Definition
10
Term
Kyoto Protocol
Definition
the international treaty requiring the reduction of global warming gases created through the burning of fossil fuel
Term
Examples of Pharmaceuticals from Wild Sources
Definition
1) Rosy Periwinkle-found in Madagascar; produces 2 alkaloids that cure some cancers
2)Azadirachta India ( Neem Tree)- found in India;seeds, bark and leaves contain compounds with proven antiseptic, antiviral, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antifungal uses.
3) Hirudin- from vampire leeches; anticoagulant
4) Saliva from Vampire bats - open clogged arteries and prevent heart attacks
Term
Ecosystem Services
Definition
The benefits human populations derive , either directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions
Term
What is the value of the Ecosystem Services?
Definition
- the mean estimate of the global value of all ecosystem services, across all ecosytems
-33 trillion
-1.8 x the World GDP
Term
Pollination is ...
Definition
the transfer of pollen from the anther(male) to the stigma (female)
Term
Animal pollination is required for ___ % of US food production.
Definition
15-30%
Term
How many species of bees are in NY state?
Definition
400
Term
The Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) is
decreasing due to....
Definition
- Varroa Mites
- Colony Collapse Disorder
Term
Ecosystem Services
Definition
-Provisioning Service, Supporting Service, Cultural Service, Preserving Services
Term
NY Water Supply System: There are____ reservoirs in Westchester, Putnam, and the Catskills
Definition
19
Term
What is the cost of protecting land around the reservoirs?
Definition
$1.5 billion
Term
What is the cost of building a water filtration system?
Definition
$8 billion/ (300 + million/yr)
Term
Appeal of industrial food is that it is...
Definition
1) cheap
2) available year round
3) already prepared
4) heavily subsidized and doesn't reflect its true cost

)
Term
Ecocertifications
Definition
1) USDA Organic
2) Energy Star
3) LEED
4) Green Seal
Term
Throughout the 21st Century business practices have contributed to :
Definition
-toxic contamination
-depletion of fisheries and forests
-soil erosion
-biodiversity loss
Term
Green Marketing Success Stories
Definition
- Shade-grown coffee at Trader Joe's and Whole Foods
- Organic baby food demands 12% of the market
Term
Vavilov's 8 Centers of Crop Origin
Definition
where food crops originated and that maintain a high diversity of wild relatives of the domestic form
Term
What are Wilson's 4 Resolutions
Definition
1. survey the earths fauna and flora
2. create biological wealth
3. promote sustainable harvesting and development
4. Save what remains of the natural landscape
Term
George Perkins Marsh
Definition
- wrote Man and Nature
-advised Teddy Roosevelt
-pragmatic utilitarian conservation
-greatest food, for the greatest number, for the longest time
-multiple use of policies of USFS
Term
John Muir
Definition
-president of the Sierra Club
-nature deserves to exist for its own sake
-Biocentric preservation
Term
Protected Area
Definition
an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.”
Term
USA- 8% conservation land
Definition
Term
Arid
Definition
lacking sufficient moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants
Term
Pastoralism
Definition
- the care, tending and use of animals such as goats, sheep, camels, yaks,llamas, etc.
-pastoral cultures are often mobile
- mobility allows them to simultaneously exploit more than 1 environnment
Term
Examples of Conservation Technology
Definition
GPS and GIS

Satellite imagery- google earth etc.

Mark-recapture using radio telemetry

Crittercam

Camera traps
Term
Which century was the most violent in the history of humanity?
Definition
20th century
Term
Death Tolls:
-WWI =
-WWII =
- Hiroshima =
-Nagasaki =
Definition
- 9 million
-50 million
-140,000
- 80,000
Term
251,834 hibakusha “bomb-affected people”
Definition
Term
Genocide occurs in ----- stages, that are predictable, but not inexorable .
Definition
stage1- Classification
Term
How many have died in Darfur?
Definition
450,000
Term
Curing Which years did Mayan Civilization reach its peak? Exceed carrying capacity of the environment?
Definition
200-900 AD, 9th century
Term
What are proximate causes? Ultimate causes?
Definition
- immediate causes, underlying causes
Term
Guns, Germs, and Steal
Definition
- Jared Diamond addresses the question : Why is the wealth and money distributed the way it is?

-
Term
What is the Land Ethic ?
Definition
- a chapter in the book, A Sand County Almanac, by aldo leopold
Term
What is the thesis of "Land Ethic"?
Definition
Humans are a part of a community that encompasses all organisms and the land. The land affects humans and humans affect the land.

Environmental challenges cannot be met by technological innovation and legal reform alone

True change must come from a shift in individuals’ beliefs and, subsequently, their actions
Term
Of 22,000 plant species in Wisconsin, how many can be sold, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use?
Definition
5%
Term
The evolution of ethics is ...
Definition
a process of ecological evolution
Term
Ecologically, ethics are:
Definition
-a limitation on freedom of action
-deal with the relationships between individuals
and society
- examples: mosaic decalogue, golden rule
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