Term
| Chemicals used to treat disease |
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Definition
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Term
| antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs that cause greater harm to the microbe than the human host |
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Definition
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Term
| the toxicity of a given drug is expressed by the _______ _______. It is the lowest dose toxic to the patient divided by the dose typically used for therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Antimicrobials that have a high therapuetic index are _____ toxic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that inhibit bacterial growth(but don't kill bacteria) |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs rely on the patients defense ssytem to kill or eliminate the pathogen after growth has been stopped |
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Definition
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Term
| THese drugs kill bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs affect a wide range of bacteria |
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Definition
| broad-spectrum antimicrobials |
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Term
| The rate of elimination of the drug in the body is expressed by what? |
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Definition
| the half-life(the time it takes for the serum concentration to decrease by 50 percent) |
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Term
| certain bacteria are inherently resistant to the effects of some drugs. this is called what? |
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Definition
| intrinsic resistance (innate) |
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Term
| what is an example of a bacteria that is innately reisitant to an antimicrobial? |
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Definition
| Mycoplasm lacks a cell wall, so it is resistant to penicillin and any other drug that interfers with the peptidoglycan synthesis |
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Term
| resistance developed through spontaneous mutations or gene transfer |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three drugs that interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis? |
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Definition
1. Beta-lactam drugs
2. Vancomycin
3. Bacitracin |
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Term
| What are drugs that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis? |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolones, and Rifamycins |
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Term
| What are two drugs that interfere with folate synthesis?(metabolic pthways) |
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Definition
| Sulfanamides and trimethoprin |
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Term
| What are some examples of drugs that interfere with protein synthesis? |
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Definition
Aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides |
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Term
| What are some drugs that interfere with cell membrane integrity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Beta-lactam drugs work? |
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Definition
| They competetively inhibit a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of peptide bridges btwn adjacent glycan strands(in peptidoglycan synthesis). |
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