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Definition
| the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
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Definition
| Ranges in value from 0-14. A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] |
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Definition
| an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no positive or negative charge |
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| this is a solution that minimizes changes in pH level when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. a buffer consists of acid and base forms in a solution |
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Definition
| a substance particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. molecules possesing this group are soluble in water and called alcohols |
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Definition
| a subatomic particle with a single negative charge. one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| A functional group found in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom |
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Definition
| any substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance |
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Definition
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by the subscript to the left of the elemental symbol |
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Definition
| the sum of the masses of all atoms in a molecule; aka molecular weight |
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Definition
| the total mass of an atom, which is the mass of one mole of the atom |
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Definition
| ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences, leading to a classification scheme; the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life |
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Definition
| the sub-unit that serves as the building block of a polymer |
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Definition
| a substance that is dissolved in a solution |
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Definition
| a measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles |
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Definition
| the dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known |
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Definition
| the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
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Definition
| a functional group found in in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group |
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Definition
| the covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction |
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Definition
| one of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass. |
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Definition
| a functional group that consists of of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+ |
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Definition
| an isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy |
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Definition
| the outermost shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom |
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Definition
| a type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude water |
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Definition
| a functional group consisting of a sulfer atom bonded to a hydrogen atom -SH |
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Definition
| a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
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Definition
| a functional group important to energy transfer |
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Definition
| a type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes |
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Definition
| a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more negative atom, making it slightly negative and the other one slightly positive |
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Definition
| a double sugar, consists of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
| the covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction |
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Definition
| a polymer of up to a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions |
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Definition
| a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
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Definition
| a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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Definition
| an atom that has gained or lost an electron, thus becoming + or - charged |
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Definition
| a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached |
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Definition
| a type of weak chemical bond when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule |
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Definition
| a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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Definition
| a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution |
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Definition
| a sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides) |
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Definition
| a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between atoms of similar electronegativity |
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Definition
| a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together |
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Definition
| a type of cell lacking a membrane enclose nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes |
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