Term
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular organisms' cell division |
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Definition
Growth from fertilized cell (Reproduction)
Growth
Repair |
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Term
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Definition
Mitosis- results in daughter cells with identical DNA
Meiosis- results in non-identical daughter cells, gametes |
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Term
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Definition
All the DNA in the cell
The genetic code for the entire cell/organism |
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Term
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Definition
-DNA molecules are packaged in chromosomes
-Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic #
-Somatic cells have 2 sets
-Gametes have have as many as somatic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division |
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Term
| Distribution of Chromosomes During Cell Division |
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Definition
-DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense
-Each duplicated chromosome becomes 2 sister chromatids which separate during division
-Centromere where the two chromosomes are attached |
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Term
| 2 parts of Eukaryotic cell division? |
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Definition
Mitosis- division of nucleus
Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm |
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Term
| Cell Cycle (very general phases) |
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Definition
Mitotic (M) phase: mitosis and cytokinesis
Interphase: growth and DNA replication) |
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Term
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Definition
-90% of the cell cycle
-G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase
-Cell grows during all the phases but DNA is only replicated in S phase |
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Term
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Definition
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
-Chromatin begins to condense, individual chromosomes (as chromatids) visible
-Each chromosome is comprised of 2 sister chromatids joined at the centromere
-Mitotic spindle begins to form |
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Term
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Definition
-Nuclear envelope breaks down
-Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes' centromeres in region of kinetochore |
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Term
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Definition
-Apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis
-During prometaphase some of the spindles attach to chromosomes at the kinetochore
-During anaphase the sister chromatids separate moving down the microtubules
-Assembly of spindle fibers begins in centrosome during prophase
-An aster extends from each centrosome
-The spindle consists of the microtubulues, the centrosomes and the aster |
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Term
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Definition
| -Chromosomes have moved along the spindle fibers and aligned at metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
-Kinetochores of sister chromatids separate at the centromere
-Each is pulled to opposite ends of the cell
-Each pole of the cell has two genetically identical sets of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-Nuclear envelopes form around groups of chromosomes
-Spindle apparatus disappears
-Chromosomes become diffuse again
-Cytokinesis is already well underway |
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Term
| Cytokinesis (animal vs plant) |
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Definition
-Animals: cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow
-Plant: Cell plate forms |
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Term
| Cell Cycle Control System |
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Definition
-Cycle is regulated by both internal and external controls
-Has "checkpoints" where the cycle stops until signals start it again
-Checkpoints at G1 phase, G2 and M phases |
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Term
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Definition
-Growth factors stimulate other nearby cells to divide
-Density Dependent Inhibition
-Anchorage Dependence - must be attached to a substratum in order to divide. |
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