Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| Called heartburn. Involves backflow of acidic stomach contents up into the esophagus, causing irritation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protrusion of the stomach upward through the diaphram. Can become strangulated (cutting off blood flow). |
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Term
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Definition
| Ulceration (breakdown of the mucous membrane)in the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodendum. Often caused by the H. pylori bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Can be acute or chronic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, interfering with the emptying of the stomach into the small intestine. May develop in infants (present at birth) or adults. |
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Definition
| A protrusion of the intestine forward through the abdominal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation and infection of the appendix. Often happens when food gets stuck in the appendix. Usual treatment is surgical removal of appendix. |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes diverticulosis, which is a development of tiny pouchlike herniations at the end of the large intestines, and diverticulitis which is inflammation and infection of the herniations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Varicose veins (enlarged veins due to failure of the valves in the veins) in the anal area. |
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Definition
| An inflammatory bowel disease (IBL). Inflammation and swelling deep into the lining of any part of the GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory bowel disease (IBL). Chronic inflammation of the innermost lining of the rectum and colon. |
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Term
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| An inflammatory bowel disease (IBL). Disorder marked by alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver spread by the fecal oral route. There is a vaccine and prognosis is good with treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver spread through blood and bodily fluids. Major cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer. There is a vaccine and prognosis is usually good. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver spread through blood. Many patients develop chronic liver disease or infection. There is no vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver. Only occurs in a patient with Hepatitis B. There is no vaccine and no direct treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver spread through the fecal-oral route. There is no vaccine or direct treatment. Prognosis is usually good. |
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Term
| (1) Cholelithaiasis and (2) Cholecystitis |
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Definition
(1) Gallstones in the gallbladder, liver, and/or biliary ducts.
(2) Inflammation of the gallbladder due to obstruction of the bile ducts by stones or sludge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pancreas when the enzymes of the pancreas become activated before they leave the pancreas and start eating the tissue of the pancreas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gluten (found in wheat, oats, and barley) intolerance. Causes damage in the lining of the small intestine when gluten is swallowed. Main treatment is a gluten-free diet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical and mental disorder involving intense fear of weight gain and severe limitation of what one chooses to eat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical and mental disorder involving chronic binge eating and purging. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called dysentery. General term for all causes of food poisoning including bacteria, toxins, insecticides, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of food poisoning often caused by the O157:H7 strain. Common carrier is undercooked beef. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of food poisoning caused by the Campylobacter bacteria. Common carrier is undercooked poultry. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of food poisoning caused by the salmonella organism. Common carriers are undercooked meat and eggs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any cancerous growths in the mouth region. Primary risk factor is use of chewing tobacco. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous growth in the lower esophageal lining. Usually is squamous cell carcinoma, sometimes adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous growth in the stomach wall. Only 20% survive 5 years after diagnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the most common types of cancer. Cancerous growth in the large intestine and rectal area. 90% of cases are in those over 50 years of age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous growth in the liver. Usually spreads to the liver from another site. Primary cause is hepatitis B and C. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous growth in the pancreas. Usually is a tumor in the endocrine glands within the pancreas. Prognosis is often poor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A patient collects an uncontaminated sample of their stool and it is sent to a lab fo analysis. |
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Term
| Fecal Occult Blood Test (Stool Card) |
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Definition
| A test for hidden blood in a patient's stool. Patient smears a card 3 diffrent times and then it is sent to a lab for analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure using a flexible scope to view the sigmoid colon and obtain biopsies to test for deseased tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure to evacute the colon in preparation of lower GI procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood test for the antibodies to H.Pylori, or a gastric biopsy for a culture and sensitivity test. |
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Term
| Liver Function Test (LFT) |
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Definition
| A blood test to dertimine the Liver's ability to perform its many functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viewing of the esophagus, stomach, and throat via an x-ray using a contrast medium. The patient should eat nothing past midnight the night before the test (NPO). |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure to visualize the large intestine via x-ray using a contrast medium. The patient should not eat dairy products and should be on a liquid diet for 24 hours before the examination. |
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Term
| Gallbladder Ultrasound (gallbladder sonography) |
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Definition
| The ultrasound sends sound waves into the abdomen near the gallbladder to produce an image of the bodies internal structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Observational procedure of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, and the stomach. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the GI system? |
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Definition
| Intake of food and water, digestion (breakdown) of food, absorption of nutrients and water into the bloodstream, management of blood sugar levels, and disposal of waste. |
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Term
| What is the route food takes through the body? |
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Definition
| Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of soft tissue hanging from the upper mouth that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A funnel shaped ccanal that connects the mouth to the esophagus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartilage that prevents food and water from entering the larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long tube-like structure that connects the mouth to the stomach. |
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Term
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
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Definition
| Also called the cardiac sphincter. Muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of the fundus, and body which are used to store food, and the pylorus which is where most of the digestion occures. |
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Term
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Definition
Consist of the duodenum (upper), the jejunum (middle), and the ileum (lower).
It is the where most of the absorbtion of water and nutrients takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb water and nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| The large intestine facilitates the passage of stools. It consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, decending, and sigmoid colon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gallbladder acts as a storage device for bile. The bile is then secreted to break down fats in the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces bile, glycogen, and blood lipids. The liver also stores glycogen and filters drugs and alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
The pancreas secretes trypsin, lipase, and amylase to neutralize stomach acid. It also secretes insulin and glucagon
to monitor blood sugar levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| The entire canal from the mouth to the anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds the stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum and anus. The cavity is lined with peritoneum. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by the pancreas that releases glycogen from the liver in response to low blood sugar levels |
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Term
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Definition
| The transporting of water and nutrients from the GI tract to the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the digestive tract and its accessory organs. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Excretion of fecal matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of chewed food, saliva and other digestive juices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical and physical breakdown of food. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar that allows glucose to pass from the bloodstream into tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelike muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Introduction of a solution to the rectum to stimulate bowel movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of too little glucose (sugar) in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder and secreted to the stomach to break down fats. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nothing By Mouth (Latin: Nulle per os) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Before meal and after meal. |
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Term
| What is the pH of stomach acid? |
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Definition
| Average of 1.7. Chronic antacid use can raise this (1.5-2.5). |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of having too much sugar (glucose) in the blood. |
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