True or False:

All eukaryotes are multicellular

False

What theory explains how

Unicellular eukaryotes developed?

Endosymbiosis

explains that Prokaryotes associated with each other and formed a eukaryotic cell after prokaryotes became the cell's organelles.

THIS IS A THEORY, NOT A LAW.

What theory explains how

Multicellular eukaryotes developed?

MARGULIS THEORY

During a Negative Environmental event

UNICELLULAR EUKARYOTES will associate,

build a barrier

and over time, become a

MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC M/O.

False

Specific drugs are needed to target specific M/Os.

Identification is critical because of VARIETY in CELL MORPHOLOGY and CHEMICAL COMPONENTS.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

APPENDAGES

FLAGELLA

are difficult to damage with

medication because of what features?

• Thickness (11 microtubules/flagellum)
• Complex structure
• Sheathed by cell membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Components

APPENDAGES

CILIA

should be TARGETED by

medication because of what features?

CILIA SHOULD BE TARGETED BECAUSE

• important: motility, filtering, feeding
• simpler composition than flagella
• shorter than flagella

Eukaryotic Cell Components

APPENDAGES

CILIA - TRUE OR FALSE

Ciliated M/Os can switch their use of

cilia from moment to moment.

TRUE - motility/feeding/filtering

Eukaryotic Cell Components

APPENDAGES

CILIA ARE RARE

true or false....

THEY ARE FOUND ON PROTOZOANS, WHICH ARE THE MOST COMMON TOPY OF PROKARYOTIC INFECTIONS IN HUMANS.

FALSE

Protozoan microbes cause the most common type of EUKARYOTIC infections in humans.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

TRUE OR FALSE

The Glycocalyx is present in

all eukaryotic cells.

FALSE

Glycocalyx present in MOST, but not in humans.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

TRUE OR FALSE

The Glycocalyx is more penetrable when it is composed of a high number of polysaccharides.

FALSE

Glycocalyx is more penetrable (meds can get through more easily) when it fibrous-like, and has a lower nubmer of polysaccharides.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

Name the 3 purposes of the Glycocalyx

1. protection
2. adherence (stickiness)
3. sensory (may contain receptors)

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

TRUE OR FALSE

All Eukaryotes contain a Cell Wall

FALSE -

only Fungi & some Algae have cell walls

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

TRUE OR FALSE

The cell wall is rigid because

it contains a lot of Peptidoglycan.

FALSE

Eukaryotic cell walls are rigid, but DON'T contain peptidoglycan. They are complex & varied, and serve to shape the cell and hold it together.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

TRUE OR FALSE

To KILL a Eukaryote, we should

use medication to target its CELL MEMBRANE.

FALSE

Targeting the eukaryotic M/O's cell membrane

is a PROBLEM BECAUSE IT IS

IDENTICAL TO HUMAN CELL MEMBRANES.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

CELL ENVELOPE COMPOSITION

NAME THE 3 PURPOSES OF

EUKARYOTIC CELL MEMBRANE

1. PROTECTION
2. TRANSPORT (selective permeability)
3. COMPARTMENTALIZE (gives M/O ability to organize reactions within cytoplasm)
   

Eukaryotic Cell Components

INTERNAL STRUCTURES - ORGANELLES

TRUE OR FALSE

The size and shape of nuclei

vary in size and shape.

TRUE

T/F

Med crosses glycocalyx, cell wall & cell membrane to get to nucleus.

true

Define Chromatin

CHROMATIN:

A chromosome associated w/histones - a large circular protein that protects DNA, prevent collapse.

ports of entry for meds

on Nucleus are...

Pores

Should we attack chromatin w/meds?

No--human cell nuclei would also be killed.