Term
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Definition
| free DNA is taken up by another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA transfer mediated by a virus |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA transfer involves cell-to-cell contact and a conjugative plasmid in the donor cell |
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Term
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Definition
| physical exchange of DNA between genetic elements |
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Term
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Definition
genetic exchange between homologous DNA sequences (not quite the same but very similar) from two different sources)
exchanges a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| adds gene (does not replace it) |
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Term
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Definition
| incorporation of free DNA into a recipient cell |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria and archaea that are naturally transformable |
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Term
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Definition
| incorporation of viral DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| technique used to get DNA into organisms that are not readily transformable |
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Term
| competence-specific protein |
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Definition
| protein that binds to DNA (during/after transformation) once inside a cell to protect it from degradation |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that integrates DNA into host cell's chromosome during transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA from any portion of the host genome is packaged into the virion to be transferred to another cell |
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Term
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Definition
DNA from a specific region of the host chromosome is integrated directly into the viral genome (replacing viral genes)
usually makes virus non-infectious |
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Term
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Definition
| host DNA that is accidentally packaged into a virion in generalized transduction |
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Term
| bacterial conjugation (mating) |
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Definition
| mechanism of genetic transfer involving cell-to-cell contact |
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Term
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Definition
| cell that contains conjugative plasmid in conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| cell that does not have a conjugative plasmid in conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| connects cells for conjugation, produced by donor cell |
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Term
F plasmid
(fertility plasmid) |
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Definition
| contains genes for DNA replication and several transposable elements to permit integration into the host chromosome (used during conjugation) |
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Term
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Definition
| genes used for transfer functions between hosts in conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| cells containing an F plasmid that is not integrated into the chromosome |
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Term
| Hfr (high frequency or recombination) cells |
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Definition
| cells with an F plasmid integrated into the chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
stretches of DNA that can move from one site to another
always inserted into another DNA molecule and do not possess their own origin of replication |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which transposable elements move |
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Term
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Definition
simplest type of transposable element
short DNA segments ~1Kbp long, contains inverted repeats and genes encoding transposase |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme needed for transposition |
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Term
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Definition
larger transposable element
has inverted repeats at both ends and a gene for transposes so any gene within the inverted repeats is moved |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism of transposition where transposon is excised from one location and reinserted at another location so copy number remains the same |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism of transposition where a new copy of the transposon is made and inserted at the 2nd location so the copy number increases with each transposition |
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