Term
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Definition
| signal is external and detected by sensor that transmits the signal to the regulatory machinery |
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Term
| two-component regulatory systems |
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Definition
most signal transduction systems have two parts and are called this
1. specific sensor kinase protein
2. response regulator protein |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that phosphorylates compounds using PO4 from ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| sensor kinase that detects signals from the environment and phosphorylates itself using a specific histidine residue |
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Term
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Definition
| typically DNA-binding protein that regulates transcription after having PO4 transferred to it from a sensor kinase |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that removes PO4 from the response regulator protein (reseting the regulatory system) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement towards or away from a chemical |
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Term
1. response to signal
2. controlling flagellar rotation
3. adaptation |
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Definition
| three steps of chemotaxis |
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Term
| methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) |
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Definition
| sensory transmembrane proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane that sense the presence of a chemical and bind to it |
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Term
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Definition
sensor kinase protein (cytoplasmic) that becomes phosphorylated
rate of phosphorylation is increased by repellant ; decreased by attractant |
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Term
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Definition
response regulator protein that controls flagellar rotation
accepts phosphate from CheA |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the proteins that MCP (methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein) contacts in the cytoplasm? |
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Term
counterclockwise- run
clockwise- tumble |
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Definition
| clockwise and counterclockwise flagellar rotation cause what movement |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that dephosphorylates CheY allowing cell to run |
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Term
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Definition
| process of resetting chemotaxis system, uses feedback loop to stop responding |
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Term
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Definition
removes methyl groups from MCPs
it works faster when phosphorylated |
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Term
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Definition
| methylates MCP at a constant rate |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism to evaluate the density of cells of the same kind, asses population density |
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Term
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Definition
specific signal molecule synthesized by the participating organism that diffuses across the cell envelope in both directions
will reach a high concentration if there are many other cells nearby
binds to activator protein and triggers transcription of quorum-dependent genes |
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Term
Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)
autoinducer 2
short peptides |
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Definition
| The 3 classes of autoinducers are ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
| global control mechanism triggered by amino acid starvation or other stressors |
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Term
guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp)
AKA alarmones |
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Definition
| nucleotides that regulate the stringent response and accumulate rapidly during amino acid starvation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein that synthesizes alarm ones from ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins made by heat stressed cells to help counteract the damage caused by heat and help a cell to recover from temperature stress |
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