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| cellular events and reactions occurring in the development of disease |
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| any type of cell injury; An alteration in the normal structure or function of the body |
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| transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring |
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invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
Causes local cellular injury
Due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication or antigen-antibody response |
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| caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. |
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-Obligatory intracellular parasites
-No plasma membrane
-Do not make their own ribosomes, Ribosome = site of protein synthesis
-Generally insensitive to most antibiotics |
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-Part of cell wall of some G – bacteria
-Less toxic: only released after organism dies
-Ex. = Bordetella, Salmonella, E. coli |
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-Excreted into surrounding tissue by some G + bacteria
-Most toxic, highly antigenic (induces immune response)
-Ex. = Staph, Strep, Clostridium |
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| heat, swelling, redness, pain, loss of function |
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1st stage of inflammation
-Congestion of blood in affected area |
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↑ interstitial fluid
-“Third spacing”
-Possible causes
↑ capillary permeability
↓ osmotic pressure due to hypoproteinemia (↓ albumin) |
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| inflammation of a mucous membrane |
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| escape of fluid, cells or cellular debris from blood vessels into tissues |
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| reflex center for vomiting is where |
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| Nonspecific: First Line of Defense |
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-Intact skin (mechanical barrier)
-Mucous membranes and their secretions
-Normal microbiota |
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| Nonspecific: Second Line of Defense |
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-Phagocytic WBC’s
-Inflammation
-Fever
-Antimicrobial substances (ex. = nitric oxide) |
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| Tachycardia, ↑ metabolic rate -> acidosis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, seizures, delirium, coma-> death |
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