Term
| Name the 3 types of plant genomes |
|
Definition
1. Mitochondrial
2. Chloroplast
3. Nuclear |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most conservative genome in gene sequence? |
|
Definition
| Mitochondrial (& very labile in gene arrangement; easily altered/changed) |
|
|
Term
| Which is the least conservative genome in gene sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the structure of a chromosome, from smallest (11nm) to largest width (1400 nm) |
|
Definition
| DNA < Chromatin beads < Chromatin fibre < Extended section < Condensed Section < Mitotic chromosome |
|
|
Term
| How do genomes decrease in size (3 ways)? |
|
Definition
- polyploids "diploidizing" over time (become diploid)
- transposon excision (by translocation and deletion)
- chromosome loss (by translocation and deletion) |
|
|
Term
| What evidence is there for Palaeopolyploidy (genome duplications millions of years ago) in Arabidopsis ? |
|
Definition
| 5 chromosomes have duplicated blocks |
|
|
Term
| What are the active agents of genome evolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What increases chromosome number? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What decreases chromosome number? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the basic number (x) represent w.r.t a chromosome number? |
|
Definition
| Number of chromosomes in the ORIGINAL genome |
|
|
Term
| Inversions of chromosomes cause a _______________ in gene order |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attachment of one segment of a chromosome to another |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of changes that chromosomes can undergo? |
|
Definition
- translocation
- inversion
- deletion
- duplication
(TIDD) |
|
|
Term
| Imperfect chromosome pairing (at meiosis) happens most often in ____________ plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosome morphology at mitotic metaphase (number and appearance of chromosomes in nucleus of a eukaryotic cell) |
|
|
Term
| Define metacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric |
|
Definition
1. Centromere is in middle of chromosome
2. Centromere is towards one end
3. Centromere is at one end (terminal end) |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the Revolutionary phase of Polyploid evolution? (2 things) |
|
Definition
1. Hybridization
2. Chromosome doubling |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the Evolutionary phase of Polyploid evolution? (2 things) |
|
Definition
1. Divergence
2. Diploidization (new diploid genomes) |
|
|
