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Lecture 13
Nervous System: Histology
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2010

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Term
CNS
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
PNS
Definition
somatic and autonomic
Term
sensory neurons
Definition
-afferent
-delivers info to CNS
Term
motor neurons
Definition
-efferent
-carries info to periphery (muscles, glands)
Term
multipolar
Definition
-found throughout brain and spinal cord
Term
bipolar
Definition
found in retina and inner ear
Term
unipolar
Definition
found in ganglia (clusters or neurons) adjacent to spinal cord
Term
nissibodies (chromatophilic bodies)
Definition
-RER clusters of free ribosomes that produces protein (neurotransmitters)
Term
neurofibrils
Definition
cytoskeleton of neuron
maintains shape
Term
dendrites
Definition
transmit info to cell body
Term
axon
Definition
one per unit
transmits info from cell body
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
-produced by oligodendrocytes in CNS and Schwann cells in PNS
-composed of lipids
-conducts electrical impulse
Term
neurilemma
Definition
cell wall of oligodendrocyte or Schwann cell
Term
nodes of Rnavier
Definition
area of axon not covered with myelin
Term
neuroglia
Definition
glue
Term
neuroglia in CNS
Definition
-oligodendrocyte, microglia, astrocyte, ependymal cells
Term
oligodendrocyte
Definition
-produces myelin covering in CNS
Term
microglia
Definition
phagocyte
ingests dead/damaged tissue
Term
astrocyte
Definition
-assists in the nourishment of neurons
-helps form blood brain barrier
Term
blood brain barrier
Definition
-astrocyte, basement membrane, endothelial wall of capillary
-regulates what substances pass from bloodstream into CNS
Term
ependymal cells
Definition
line cavities and ventricles of brain
Term
neuroglia in PNS
Definition
-Schwann cells, satellite cells
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
myelinate axons
Term
satellite covering
Definition
regulate nourishment to neurons in PNS
Term
nuclei
Definition
cluster of neurons in CNS
Term
ganglia
Definition
cluster of neurons in PNS
Term
tract
Definition
bundles of axons in CNS
Term
nerve
Definition
bundles of axons in PNS
Term
synapse
Definition
site of communication b/w neurons
Term
conduction of nerve impulse
Definition
-electrical impulse causes change in permeability of membrane
-Na in
-K out
-electrical impulse travels along outside to nodes of Ranvier
Term
continuous conduction
Definition
along axon
Term
saltatory conduction
Definition
jump from node to node
Term
A fibers
Definition
most heavily myelinated
Term
C fibers
Definition
least myelinated
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
neurotransmitter in neuromuscular junction
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