Shared Flashcard Set

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Learning
N/A
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
learning 
Definition
change in response based on experience 
Term
assumptions of learning theories
Definition

learning is adaptive 

experience shapes behavior 

experiments 

Term
laws of association (aristotles)
Definition

law of similarity 

law of continuity 

Term
law of similarity 
Definition
objects resemble each other 
Term
law of continuity 
Definition
events connected by closeness of time 
Term
types of associated learning
Definition

operant 

classical 

Term
pavlov experiment 
Definition
dogs salvation associated with feeding 
Term
unconditioned stimulus/response 
Definition
reflexive stimulus/response 
Term
conditioned stimulus/response 
Definition

stimulus- learned but once neutral 

response- learned 

Term
conditioned taste aversion 
Definition

neutral flavor followed by illness 

= avoid flavor in future 

CS + US = UR 

Term
conditioned emotional response 
Definition

"little albert" 

neutral stimulus paired with emotional stimulus 

Term
Watson experiment 
Definition

"little albert" 

white rat 

Term
generalization 
Definition
respond to similar stimulus same way
Term
discrimination 
Definition
do not respond to disimilar stimulus same way 
Term
Hoveland's Study 
Definition

galvanic skin response 

tones with frequencies similar to CS- would sweat 

Term
aquisition learning
Definition

based on pairing CS with US 

takes 3-15 pairing 

bell=food

Term
extinction
Definition

CS only trials 

CS presented without US 

Term
spontaneous recovery 
Definition
CR comes back after CS presented without US
Term
classical timing - forward
Definition
CS proceeds US 
Term

classical timing- backward

best or worst conditioning? 

Definition

US proceeds CS 

worst conditioning 

Term
interstimulus interval
Definition

time between presenting CS and US 

usually must be brief 

Term
prepared learning 
Definition

Garcia and Koeling 

biologically wired to learn some associations better then others 

Term
operant conditioning 
Definition

instrumental

consequences 

Term
thorndike- law of effect 
Definition
behavior is controlled by its consequences 
Term
instrumental conditioning 
Definition
behavior is instrumental in receiving reward/punishment 
Term
BF Skinner 
Definition
learning occurs when response is associated with a stimulus 
Term
ABC's of psych
Definition
anticedents, behaviors, consequences 
Term
operant 
Definition
behavior emitted by organism 
Term
positive reinforcement 
Definition
presenting good thing
Term
negative reinforcement 
Definition
taking something bad away
Term
schedule of reinforcement - continuous 
Definition
reinforcer obtained for every response 
Term
schedule of reinforcement- intermittent 
Definition
not obtained every time 
Term
intermittent - ratio schedules 
Definition
Term
intermittent- ratio schedules 
Definition

fixed ratio- reinforcement received every (nth) time 

variable ratio- reinforcement received on avg. of every (nth) time 

(gets the most responses) 

Term
intermittent- interval schedules 
Definition

fixed interval- after (n) minutes 

variable interval- after avg. of (n) minutes 

Term
positive punishment 
Definition
presentation of bad thing 
Term
negative punishment 
Definition
take away good thing 
Term
5 problems with punishment 
Definition

1. fear punisher(classical conditioning) 

2. aggression 

3. abuse

4. do not know why they are being punished 

5. punishment does not out weigh other benefits 

Term
cognitive social theory- latent learning 
Definition

learning that is not expressed in behavior 

ex. rats in the maze 

Tolman's 

Term

social observational learning

experiment? 

Definition
bandura's bobo doll (2x as much aggression) 
Term
self- fulfilling prophecy 
Definition
expectations cause change in behavior to create that outcome 
Term
locust of control - Rotter 
Definition
expectancies about behavior bring outcomes you want 
Term
locust of control- internal 
Definition
I control my fate 
Term
locust of control- external 
Definition
the world controls my fate 
Term
Learning DVD- Rachlin? James?
Definition

self control is a pattern- not a sum of instances 

james= first behavioral therapist 

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