Term
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Definition
The process by which experence or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior.
Learning to ride a bike requires many attempts before mastering the task. Studying is another learning activity. |
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Term
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Definition
The acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli.
Teaching a dog to sit on command is an example of conditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
Type of learning in which an organism (dog) learns to transfer a natural response (salivate) from one stimulus (food) to another (bell), previously neutral stimulus.
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Term
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
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Definition
Stimulus (food) that invariably causes an organism to respond (salivate) in a specific way.
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Term
Unconditioned Response (UR)
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Definition
| Response (mouth waters) that takes place in an organism (dog) whenever an unconditioned stimulus (food) occurs. |
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Term
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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Definition
| Originally neutral stimulus (ringing of the bell) that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) and eventually produces the desired response (salivate) in an organism (dog) when presented alone. |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| Response an organism (dog) learns to produce when a conditioned stimulus (bell) is presented. |
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Term
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Definition
Conditioning technique designed to gradually reduce anxiety (fear) about a particular object (spider) or situation.
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Term
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Definition
Time-lapse between the presentation of the conditioned stimulus (bell) and the unconditioned stimulus (food).
If the time between is too long or too short it will impair learning. |
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Term
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Definition
Pairing the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the learning trials.
Irregular pairing reduces the rate of learning and the final level of learning achieved. |
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Term
| Conditional Food Aversion |
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Definition
| Animals conditioned avoidance of poisonous food (CS) even after a lengthy interval and only one pairing of conditioned (poison) and unconditioned stimuli (sick). |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease in the strength or frequency of a learned response due to failure to continue pairing the US (food) and CS (bell) or to withholding of reinforcement (operant conditioning=behavior is decreased by the use of punishment) |
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Term
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Definition
| The reappearance of an extinguished response after the passage of time, without further training. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of a learned response (mouth waters) to different but similar stimuli (noises that sounded like the bell). |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning to respond to only one stimulus and inhibit the response to all other stimulus. It is the reverse of stimulus generalization. |
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Term
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Definition
Conditioning based on previous learning; the conditioned stimulus is used as an unconditioned stimulus in further training.
Learning based on previous learning. Substituting the bell with a leash and instead of salivating the dog learns something else. |
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