Von Restorff Effect

Memory for the unique item is better than memory for any one of the other items.

Associative Interference

reflects the associative complexity of the information that was learned. The disruption of memory is not based on the temporal sequence. Here, the more associations there are with a concept, the greater the interference and the worse the memory.

Proactive Interference

Occurs when old knowledge results in the increased forgetting of new knowledge.

Retroactive Interference

– Occurs when new knowledge makes it difficult to remember old knowledge.

Learning

 any change in the potential of people to alter their behavior as a consequence of experience.

Memory

- A.) the location where information is kept, as in a storehouse or memory store. B.) The thing that holds the contents of experience, as in a memory trace or engram. C.) The mental process used to aquire, store, or retrieve information of all sorts.

Engram

A memory trace

Plato’s Contribution

Aristotle’s Laws of Association

Similarity, contrast, and contiguity. Memory associations provide links to ideas that are similar in nature, are the opposite on some critical dimension, or occurred near one another in time.

Memory Metaphors

There is no simple way to talk about memory, so people use metaphors, such as a computer, to refer to memory.

Darwin’s Influence

Retrieval Cues

Any stimulus or bit of information that aids in the retrieval from long term memory

Empiricist Tradition

Rationalist Tradition

Ebbinghaus’s Overlearning

Continuing to study information after perfect recall has been achieved

Bartlett’s Schema

Suggested that memory is fragmented and incomplete. When people are remembering, they are reconstructing the information from the bits that are stored and from other prior knowledge that the person has about such circumstances.

Gestalt Isomorphism

Behaviorism

Methodological Rigor

Verbal Learning

Lashley

Mind-Computer Analogy

Modal Model

Noetic

Explicit Memory

Semantic Memory

Declarative Memory

Procedural Memory

Episodic Memory

Sensory Register

Emergence

Parts of Neurons

Action Potential

Long Term Potentiation

Acetylcholine

GABA

Consolidation

Amygdala

Sleep

Hippocampus

Basal Ganglia

Hypothalamus

Lobes of Cortex

Neuroimaging Methods

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Penfield

PET Scan

fMRI

ERP

MEG

Brain Lesions

HERA Model

Korsakoff’s

Spatial Resolution

Temporal Resolution

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Control

Hypothesis

Quasi-experimental

Correlation

Generation Effect

Levels of Processing

Iconic Memory

Echoic Memory

Rote Rehearsal

Dual Code Theory

Mnemonic Devices

Concreteness Effect

Overlearning

Emotional Valence

Pollyanna Principle

Free Recall

Jost’s Law

Hypermnesia

Mnesia

Forced Choice Recognition

Chunking

Priming

Metamemory

Implicit Memory

Short-term Memory

Long-term Memory

Working Memory

Indirect Memory Tests

Sperling

Anorthoscopic Perception

Trans-saccadic Memory

Phonological Loop

Haptic Sensory Register

Memory Disruption

Sternberg

Primacy

Recency

Perturbation Theory

Chaining Models

Inhibition Models

Context-based Models

Slot-based Models

Estes

Serial

Parallel

Baddeley

Phonological  Similarity Effect

Articulatory Suppression Effect

Word Length Effect

Lexicality Effect

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Kosslyn

Mental Rotation

Representational Momentum

Representational Gravity

Dynamic Memory Effects

Executive Functions

Simple Span Task

Spatial Span

Mental Set

Data-driven Processing

Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Response

Conditioned Stimulus

Pavlov

Extinction

Savings

Mere Exposure Effect

Instrumental Conditioning

Stages of Skill Acquisition

Incidental Learning

Fat Lady Syndrome

Mental Map

Steven’s Law

Category Adjustment Hypothesis

Spectral Medium

Effect of Landmarks

Hierarchical View of Spatial Memory

Hybrid Models

Spatial Gradient Effect

Memory Age Effect

Scale Effect

Backwards Telescoping

Mental Model

Mood-dependent Learning

State-dependent Memory

Transfer Appropriate Processing

Fan Effect

Abstract Thinking