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Learning and Memory
Final Exam
47
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
11/08/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Physiological response
Definition
change in heart rate, increased perspiration, increased
respiration
Term
Overt behaviors
Definition
Facial expression, vocal tone, posture
Term
Conscious feelings
Definition
Sadness, anger, happiness
Term
Innate, learned
Definition
Emotions are ____, but the expression of emotions is _____.
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
You feel the emotion AFTER you
sense physiological responses
Term
Prediction of James-Lange Theory
Definition
you can evoke a
given emotion in a person by inducing the correct
bodily responses
Term
Modern Theory
Definition
Emotions depend on the interaction
of bodily responses, conscious feelings, and cognitive
assessment of context
Term
Mood-congruency of Memory
Definition
it is easier to retrieve
memories that match our current mood or
emotional state
Term
Flashbulb memories
Definition
extreme emotions can lead
to memories of exceptional
strength and durability
Term
Learned Helplessness
Definition
exposure to an uncontrollable
punisher teaches an expectation that responses are
ineffectual, which reduces motivation to attempt new
avoidance responses
Term
Observational/Social learning
Definition
Learning situations in which the learner actively
monitors events and then choose later actions based on
those observations
Term
Copying
Definition
doing what one observes another
doing
Term
Modeling
Definition
demonstrations of actions (the children were modeling the
adults in the Bobo Doll Study)
Term
Vocal learning
Definition
using memories of sounds to
learn how to produce those sounds with one’s
own vocal organs
Term
Contagion
Definition
inborn tendency to
react emotionally to visual/acoustic
stimuli that indicate emotional
response (laugh, yawn, cry)
Term
Stimulus enhancement
Definition
direction of one
organism’s attention towards specific objects,
events, and locations as a result of another
organism’s action
Term
Social conformity
Definition
the tendency to adopt the
behavior of the group
Term
Delay Conditioning
Definition
CS and US overlap and termina
terminate together
Term
Trace Conditioning
Definition
There is a gap between the end of
the CS and the start of the US
Term
Elicited Imitation
Definition
infants are shown an action and tested for
their ability to mimic this action later
Term
Working Memory
Definition
is one of the first memory systems to show
deficits in the course of healthy aging
Term
Highly practiced skills
Definition
tend to be maintained well in old age
Term
New skills
Definition
Learning type declines in old age
Term
Genes
Definition
play a strong role in determining learning and
memory abilities
Term
Nongenetic factors
Definition
also play a role in learning and memory
Term
Neurogenesis
Definition
birth of new neurons
Term
Language
Definition
a communication system for the social
transmission of information
Term
Artificial Language
Definition
consists of words (or symbols
that function as words) along with rules for
organizing them that exhibit one or more features of
natural languages
Term
Kanzi
Definition
learned to
interpret English words
spoken by his caretakers
Term
Alex
Definition
the African Grey Parrot has
learned to comprehend English
Term
Model/Rival Technique
Definition
Based on observational learning

Involves three way interaction between two people and the
avian student
Term
Akeakamai
Definition
the dolphin learned a gestural language
Term
Sarah
Definition
taught to use plastic
objects as words
Term
Sherman & Austin
Definition
Complex symbols represent words

Used lexigrams to communicate
with researchers (e.g., make
requests), to communicate with
each other (e.g., solve problems
Term
Juvenile period
Definition
Observational learning best during
Term
Ekman's Study
Definition
Study that all cultures can recognize primary emotions.
Term
Autonomic Arousal
Definition
Fear inducing stimuli causes fight or flight response
Term
Conditioned Emotional Responses
Definition
Response that is long lasting and easy to pick up
Term
Learned Helplessness dogs
Definition
Seligman's Study with dogs and escaping
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Curve
Definition
Arousal/performance curve
Term
True Imitation
Definition
Copying that involves reproducing motor acts
Term
Emulation
Definition
Copying that replicates an outcome without replication motor acts
Term
Two-action test
Definition
Animals taught two different ways to do things. True imitation present study
Term
Do this command
Definition
Command words used to chain actions
Term
Template model of song learning
Definition
Template biases brain to storing sounds to fit template
Term
21 weeks
Definition
Baby memory duration
Term
Mozart Effect
Definition
Hypothesis that listening to classical music makes you smarter
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