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| Partido Revolucionario Institucional |
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is a centrist political party in Mexico that maintained a stranglehold over the nation for over 70 years.
Starting as a revolutionary party focused on protecting the rights of the poor in the wake of the Mexican Revolution, PRI went on to symbolize corruption, electoral fraud, and privatization of previously nationalized industries.
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| a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals, in Madero's Plan de San Luis, and set out his vision of land reform. The Plan was first proclaimed on November 25, 1911, and Zapata was later killed for his disagreement with the new constitution. |
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| The Mexican presidential election of 1910 was stolen when Porfirio Diaz - the longtime dictator, had his opponent Madero arrested and imprisoned. Madero took refuge infled to San Antonio, and issued the Plan of San Luis Potosi calling for the nullification of the elections and upon Mexicans to take up arms against the government. The date of its issue marks the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. This led to the establishment of the PRI dominated republic |
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| president of Mexico (1934–40), noted for his efforts to carry out the social and economic aims of the Mexican Revolution. He distributed land, made loans available to peasants, organized workers’ and peasants’ confederations, and expropriated and nationalized foreign-owned industries. He was a supporter of Calles during the time of his presidency. |
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| founder of the Creel-Terrazas Family. Elected Governor of Chihuahua in 1860; host, political ally and confidant of President Benito Juárez during theFrench Intervention. His ranches once totaled more than 7 million acres, and was part of the científico faction. |
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| was a Mexican military officer and president of Mexico. Fought againest the rebels led by Zapata. Later overthrew Francisco Madero, and had him exiled and toke over the Mexican govt. Huerta attempted to make himself dictator in the mold of his old mentor, Porfirio Díaz. sensing that Huerta was unstable, President Woodrow Wilson sent forces to occupy the important port of Veracruz. Later defeated by Villa at Zacatecas, he went into exile. Tried to return but never made it aroudnt he border. |
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is a politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988. he introduced liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign investment, and widespread privatisations of outdated state-run industries and reduction of tariffs. Lost support after refusal of international aid after the 1985 earthquake.
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| a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically significant election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1910 and the first one in 71 years to defeat the then-dominant Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). |
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| a period halfway through the 19th century in the history of Mexico that was characterized by liberal reforms and the transformation of Mexico into a nation state. The Reforma is usually considered to have begun with the overthrow of Antonio López de Santa Anna in the Revolution of Ayutla in 1855 |
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| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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| Dominant figure in mexican politics in 19th century, Considering self interest first, In 1833, he was elevated to president of Mexico in a democratic election. He soon determined, however, that Mexico was not ready for democracy and pronounced himself dictator. His failure to suppress the Texas revolution put a bad mark on his name, but was elected prez of Mexico 8 times from 1833-1855 |
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| Mexico's state-owned petroleum company. On March 18, 1938 citing the 27th article of the 1917 constitution, President Cárdenas embarked on the state-expropriation of all resources and facilities, nationalizing the U.S. and Anglo-Dutch operating companies, creating PEMEx |
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| Under Plutarco Calles, a constitutional change was passed that allowed for a non-consecutive reelection, and in 1928 Obregón was elected as Calles' successor. However, Obregón was murdered before he could assume power. To avoid a political vacuum, Calles named himself Jefe Máximo, the political chieftain of Mexico and Emilio Portes Gil was appointed temporary president, although in reality he was little more than a puppet of Calles. The following year, Calles founded the PNR, or Partido Nacional Revolucionario, the predecessor of today's Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI). |
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| President of Mexico from 1970 to 1976. spent staggering amounts of money on social and economic programs, creating a huge deficit. His policies, in the end, pleased no one and his administration went down in the history books as a failure. |
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| Conservative civilian technocrats. Poised to succeed Díaz, they were largely discredited by the decline of the Porfirian economy and the eruption of the revolution. |
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| Conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; most active in central Mexico; attempted to halt slide toward secularism; movement resulted in armed violence |
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| A free trade grouping including Mexico, Canada, and the United States. NAFTA lowers tariff and regulatory barriers to trade between the three member states. |
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| ejido system is a process whereby the government promotes the use of communal land shared by the people of the community. encomienda system was abolished by the Constitution of 1917, with the promise of restoring the ejido system. This, however, did not happen until Lázaro Cárdenas became president in 1934. ejido system was introduced as an important component of the land reform program. |
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| Mexico ’s president from 1858 to 1872, during a period of political and social reform known as La Reforma. Famous for resisting the French occupation during the 1860s, and for limiting the influence and privileges of the military and the Catholic Church, he is cherished as one of the nation’s best-loved leaders. Juárez, who spoke only Zapotec throughout his childhood, remains Mexico ’s only indigenous president to date. |
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| A phrase used by Porfirio Diaz to describe the order of his rule was "Pan, o palo" ("Bread, or the stick"), meaning that one could either accept what was given willingly (often a position of political power) or else face harsh consequences (often death). It was the price the Mexican people were expected to pay for the benefits the científicos’ policies would provide. |
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| the plaza in Mexico City is surrounded by Aztec, Spanish and modern Mestizo buildings and ruins. Tradegy occured when Mexican soldiers, equipped with tanks and machine guns, fired into a crowd of 14,000 unarmed students who were staging a protest against spending on the 1968 Summer Olympics being held in Mexico City. |
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| a Mexican politician, and PRI presidential candidate, who was assassinated during a meeting on his presidential campaign in Tijuana. the PRI found itself by the constitutional requirement that no presidential candidate can hold public office during the six months immediately prior to the election; this effectively disqualified the entire cabinet. Eventually Ernesto Zedillo was elected president, becoming the last PRI president of Mexico ending the longest lasting one-party rule in modern times. |
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| was a Mexicanrevolutionary soldier who fought for independence against Spain in the War of Independence and later became the first president of Mexico. He chose his new name for symbolic significance: "Guadalupe" to give thanks to what he claimed was the protection of Our Lady of Guadalupe, and "Victoria", which means victory. |
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| Treaty of Guadulpe Hidalgo |
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| Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States; left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America. |
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declares that the wealth contained in the soil, the subsoil, the waters and seas of Mexico belongs to the Nation. The right to land ownership and to exploit the subsoil may therefore only be granted by the Nation. Land may also be expropriated whenever deemed necessary. This article made it possible to control the activities of mining and oil companies, and to distribute the land of the large estates among the peasants.
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