Term
| What is a very important reason, according to castro, that conformation is important in horses |
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Definition
| Conformation determines the way it moves |
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Term
| Why is bad comfrmation more commonly passed down from dam versus stallion? |
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Definition
| Because lame dams may be retried for breeding and stallions are only chosen if excellent |
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Term
Which is preferable for good conformation:
body longer than height at shoulders
body shorter than height at shoulders |
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Definition
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Term
| Overriding dorsal spinous processes may result from what kind of conformation in horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| The forelimbs normally bear ____% of weight in horses |
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Definition
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Term
| The length of a horse's stride is directly related to the length of the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| (Shorter/Longer) Metacarpals and metatarsals produce a longer stride |
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Definition
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Term
| You see a young horse with a taller behind than front- what are they predisposed to |
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Definition
| Prob nothing- normal in young horse |
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Term
| You see an adult horse with a taller behind than front- what are they predisposed to |
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Definition
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Term
| An upright pastern can make a horse prone to these three foot problems: |
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Definition
1. Navicular Disease
2. Ringbone
3. Heel Soreness |
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Term
| If the pastern-foot axis in not stright and pastern axis is actually lower than the hoof axis, which joint receives strain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Long toes can help horses get traction when racing in the dirt, however this predisposes to fractures in the____ and soreness in the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| You may be a ble to fix a club foot by transecting the DDF but there may already be a lot of damage to _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| clubfoot is deinfed as a flexural deformity that results in a foot axis > ____degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| Toed-In conformatino or pigeon toed is usually seen with base (narrow/wide) conformation |
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Definition
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Term
| Toed-in conformation predisposes to osteoarthritis of the ____ joint |
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Definition
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Term
| Horses tend to wing-in with a toed (in/out) conformation |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two conformation can result in the horse "plaiting" or placing one forefoot directly in front of the other |
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Definition
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Term
| Toed (In/out) may be desirab;e if just slight |
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Definition
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Term
| In-at-the-knee is also known as carpus ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Out-at-the-knee is also known as carpus _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___at the knee may predispose to splints |
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Definition
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Term
| ____at the knee is pretty bad and predisposes to some -it is conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| Out at the knee predisposes to osteoarthritis of these two areas |
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Definition
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Term
| Out at the knee predisposes to desmitis of the ____ |
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Definition
| Lateral suspensory branch |
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Term
| You could treat this condition with a superior check ligament desmotomy but in older horses castro wouldn't bother |
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Definition
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Term
| Conformation faults are usually more problematic in (fore/hind) limbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Straight behind conformation has larger angles of which two joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| smaller than normal hock angle (<53 deg) is called a ____ conformation |
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Definition
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Term
Whick hindlimb comformation rarely causes problems:
Cow-hocked
or bow legged? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F You can never go wrong with cold hydrotherapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Cold hydrotherapy will work if you make sure actually |
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Definition
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Term
| This steroid is best used for a low motion joint |
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Definition
| methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol) |
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Term
| This steroid can be used in a high motion joint |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the four problematic side effects of NSAIDs |
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Definition
Nephrotoxicity
GI Ulcers
Blood Dyscrasias
Allergic rxn |
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Term
| Why should you handle phenylbutazone with care? |
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Definition
| Aplastic anemia in people |
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Term
| If you are stuck in traffic and your client needs to administer flunixin but only has the injectable form- what should hey do? |
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Definition
| Give it orally- dont risk injection site nastiness |
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Term
| if worried about gi ulceration in a patient you are giving flunixin.... what should you be monitoring? |
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Definition
stool consistency
Total protein |
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Term
| How does castro taper But (phenylbutazone) so as to lessen potential sideffects |
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Definition
Give max dose first day and halve it second dose- then continue decreasing
or 5 days on 2 days off |
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Term
| This product castro definitely recommends for topical use on a case of desmitis. Owner should double glove |
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Definition
| Surpass (diclofenac sodium) |
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Term
| Before you give DMSO IV you need to ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| This product is great given twice a day for myositis or "tying up"- remember though it is excreted through the lungs and gives a gross garlic smell ewww |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a product usually only prescribed by owners themselves for arthritis- maybe it works? |
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Definition
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Term
| Legend(hyaluronic Acid) or Adequan(glycosaminoglycans): Horses with sinovitis respond great to this product intraarticular |
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Definition
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Term
| If injecting a high motion joint you should add this to your steroid for IA injection... prob doesnt help much if a low motion joint |
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Definition
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Term
Legend(hyaluronic Acid) or Adequan(glycosaminoglycans):
Good for older horses with osteoarthritis |
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Definition
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Term
Legend(hyaluronic Acid) or Adequan(glycosaminoglycans
younger horse |
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Definition
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Term
Legend(hyaluronic Acid) or Adequan(glycosaminoglycans
older horse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This product doesnt have analgesic effect but its vasodilatory effects make it good for acute laminits |
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Definition
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Term
| The walk is a 4 beat gait- list the sequence |
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Definition
left hind
left fore
right hind
right fore |
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Term
| speed of the walk is ____ mph |
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Definition
|
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Term
| whats the stride length of the walk in feet? |
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Definition
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Term
| It is easier normally to dx lameness at the (walk/trot) |
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Definition
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Term
| To dx a lameness you want to trot as (slow/fast) as possible |
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Definition
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Term
| When evaluating a gait- look for flexion of the forelimb to look like a___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Stride length of a canter in feet |
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Definition
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Term
| A gallop is a 4 beat gait with a suspension phase- list the sequence before the suspension |
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Definition
left hind
right hind
left fore
right fore |
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Term
| What is important about weight bearing in the gallop |
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Definition
| All weight of horse on one foot |
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Term
| stride length in feet for a gallop |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 parts to a horse's stride |
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Definition
Landing
Loading
Stance
Breakover
Swing |
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Term
| At which phase of a horse's stride does the fetlock reach lowest point? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a situation castro mentioned in which you HAVE to radiograph both sides |
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Definition
| Subchondral bone cysts of the medial femoral condyle |
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Term
| When you see a straight fracture through the accessory carpal bone- you might think what kind of work is being done with the horse |
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Definition
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Term
| If a horse steps on a nail you must do this dx technique |
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Definition
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Term
| If you still see an OC-like lesion in the stifle- by this age (in months)- you can now start to worry... |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the common joints for OC has the worst prognosis?
Stifle
Hock
Fetlock |
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Definition
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Term
Two ways Castro said are acceptable to treat an OC cyst in the stifle are either:
1. Inject _____ into the lesion with a spinal needle
2. Insert a ______ across the lesion |
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Definition
1. triamcinalone (Vetalog)
2. Screw |
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Term
| Common- a young painful horse with a resulting flexural deformity |
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Definition
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Term
| If you want to put an extension on a foot to help carpus VALGUS- do you put the extension on the inside/outside of the foot |
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Definition
| Inside ( opposite if what you would think) |
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Term
| For growth retardation for an angular limb deformity, is it easier in the carpus or tarsus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you cause growth retardation for an angular limb deformity? (two ways) - which does he prefer because of risk of overcorrection? |
|
Definition
single screw across physis w/o getting into joint
wire connecting two screws across physis* |
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Term
| Does periosteal stripping/elevation (PE) cause growth retardation or acceleration? |
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Definition
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Term
| When put in a growth retardation implant/wire how often do you need to check progress |
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Definition
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Term
| With flexural deformities you can have laxity or contracture. Which situation is bandaging INDICATED |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx of choice for cuboidal bone disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for metacarpophalangeal contracture |
|
Definition
| Super check ligament desmotomy - I think |
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Term
| An Inferior check ligament desmotomy treats what foot flexural deformity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| High motion joints according to Castro ( 3 of them) |
|
Definition
Tarsocrural (Hock?)
Femorotibial (Stifle)
Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock?) |
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Term
| Hyaline cartilage is type ____ collagen |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cartliage is mostly (upto 99%) _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to cartilage is repaired and becomes ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Micropicking is used to help cartilage repair by supplying: |
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Definition
| Blood vessels: stem cells |
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Term
| The synovial membrane secretes ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Subastnces larger than a MW of _____ will not get through the synovial membrane |
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Definition
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