Term
| What encompasses normal range? |
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Definition
| 95%, within 2 standard deviations from the mean |
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Term
| Formula to test for sensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| 15 tests given as part of a chemistry survey. |
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Definition
| Glucose, Total bilirubin, Total protein, Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, BUN, Uric acid, Creatinine, AST, ALT, Cholesterol, LDH, Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 60-110 mg/dl
Measures caloric energy source |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: Less than 1.0 mg/dl
Measures breakdown of hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 6.0-7.7 g/dl
Includes globulins, gamma globulins, albumin |
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Term
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Definition
Normal range: 3.5-5.0 g/dl
Responsible for oncotic pressure and binding
Half-life: 15-20 days |
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Term
| Alkaline phosphatase test |
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Definition
Normal Range: 20-120 IU/L
Cleaves phosphate from single phosphate groups at increased pH
Elevated levels associated with cholestasis |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 8-30 mg/dl
Final product of protein metabolism, urea forms in the liver from ammonia (measures nitrogen portion, ~47%) |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: Male - 4-8 mg/dl; Female - 2.6-7 mg/dl
End product of purine metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: Less than 1.5 mg/dl
By product of the breakdown of muscle creatine phosphate resulting from energy metabolism; excreted primarily by kidney |
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Term
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test |
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Definition
Normal Range: Less than 43 IU/L
Related to skeletal muscles and liver function
Severely elevated levels associated with viral hepatitis or drug toxicity |
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Term
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test |
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Definition
Normal Range: Less than 30 IU/L
Enzyme related to liver function, more specific than AST
Severely elevated levels associated with viral hepatitis or drug toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: Less than 200 mg/dl
Major plasma lipid needed for hormone synthesis |
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Term
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test |
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Definition
Normal Range: 100-225 IU/L
Catalyzes pyruvate to lactate in glycolysis
Enzyme related to liver and muscle function
LDH5 corresponds with liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 8.4-10.2 mg/dl or 2.1-2.6 mmol/L
Essential mineral |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 2.6-4.5mg/dl or 0.84-1.45 mmol/L
Essential mineral |
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Term
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Definition
Normal Range: 1.5-2.2 mg/dl or 0.6-0.95 mmol/L
Essential mineral |
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Term
| 4 tests given as part of a hematology survey. |
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Definition
| Hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Male: 41-50%
Female: 36-46% |
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Term
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Definition
Male: 13-17 gm/dl
Female: 12-15 gm/dl |
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Term
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Definition
Males: 4.5-5.8 K/mm3
Females: 4.0-5.0 K/mm3 |
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Term
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Definition
Reticulocytes: 0.5-2.5% RBCs
MCV (mean cell volume; Hct/RBC): 80-100fl
MCH (mean cell hgb; Hgb/RBC): 26-34pg/cell
MCHC (mean cell hgb conc.; Hgb/Hct): 31-37g/dl |
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Term
| Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs indicate what? What would happen to MCV and MCHC? |
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Definition
| Iron deficiency, both MCV and MCHC decline |
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Term
| Macrocytic RBCs indicate what? What happens to MCV? |
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Definition
| Folate or B12 deficiency, MCV increases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Differential normal ranges |
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Definition
Segs: 45-75%
Bands: Less than 5%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-6%
Eosinophils: 0-4%
Basophils: 0-1% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ANC formula and normal ranges |
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Definition
(% neutrophils + % bands) x WBC count
Normal: 1500/mm3 |
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Term
| What is a "shift to the left"? |
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Definition
| Increased numbers of bands rather than segs; most likely due to infection |
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Term
| Lab value for severe neutropenia |
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Definition
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Term
| Serum electrolyte normal values |
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Definition
Sodium: 136-145 meq/L
Chloride: 96-105 meq/L
Potassium: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
Bicarbonate: 24-30 meq/L |
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Term
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Definition
Specific gravity: 1.010-1.025
pH: 5-6 |
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Term
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Definition
BB - brain
MM - skeletal muscle
MB - heart muscle, peaks within 24hrs and decreases in 1-2 days, greater than 5% of total in MI |
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Term
| Three types of troponin and peak times |
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Definition
TnI: Peaks in 24 hours
TnT: Peaks in 12 hours to 2 days
TnC: Not cardiac specific
T/I decreases over 7-10 days |
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Term
| 6 tests of liver function |
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Definition
| Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, Albumin, AST/ALT, PT |
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Term
| What is direct bilirubin? What does it represent? |
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Definition
Direct = conjugated with glucuronic acid
Represents post-hepatic events |
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Term
| What is indirect bilirubin? What does it represent? |
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Definition
| Unconjugated, represents prehepatic or decreased hepatic function |
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Term
| What bilirubin levels are typically indicative of jaundice? |
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Definition
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Term
| This enzyme is elevated with alcohol use |
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Definition
GGTP (glutamyl transpeptidase)
Stays elevated for weeks, very sensitive |
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Term
| Normal ranges for pre-albumin |
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Definition
16-40 mg/dl
Half life: 2 days
Shows up faster than albumin |
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Term
| Prothrombin normal ranges |
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Definition
10-13 seconds
INR: 1-2
Prolonged in chronic liver disease |
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