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| A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface. |
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| The differences in elevations of landforms. |
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| Lines on a topographic map that mark differences in elevation. |
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| a section of Earth's surface that is bounded by lines of latitude at the top (north) and bottom (south) and by lines of longitude on the left (west) and right (east). |
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| The difference in degrees between "true north" (shown on maps) and "magnetic north" (the magnetic north pole that compasses are actually attracted to). A compass-like symbol on the bottom margin of topographic maps that shows the declination (difference in degrees) between true north and magnetic north. |
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| Heavy, brown contour lines that have elevations printed on them. |
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| The lighter lines in between index contours. Mark set units between index contours such as 10. |
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| The measure of the steepness of a slope. |
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| Model scale in ratio. Meaning one unit (inches, cm, ect) equals 24,000 of another unit (miles, km, etc) ex, 1:24,000. (The scale often seen on topographic maps.) |
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| Model scale represented in a fraction. ex, 1/24,000. Meaning that the distance is 1/24,000th times it regular size. (Reduced by a fraction of 1/24,000) |
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| Printed in the lower margin, essentially just rules to measure the distances on a map. |
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