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Lab
Midterm
113
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/30/2014

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Homozygous Recessive
Definition
Same allele with recessive dominance
Term
Homozygous Dominant
Definition
Same allele dominant dominance
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Different alleles
Term
Mendel's 1st and 2nd Laws
Definition
Independent assortment, and segregation
Term
Molar
Definition
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
Random acts
Term
Gene Flow
Definition
Migration
Term
Founder Effect
Definition
A group of people who separate themselves from the main population
Term
Diploid
Definition
2n
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Asexual reproduction, same genes
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Sexual reproduction, new gene variation
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
Term
Microevolution
Definition
Evolution that occurs slowly over several generations
Term
Allele
Definition
Where the gene is
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The expression of the alleles
Term
Bottleneck Effect
Definition
Random decrease in population that leaves a random group of the population
Term
Stasis
Definition
Period of no change
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Random adaptions that become beneficial over time
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Organism that have a nucleus and other enclosed membranes
Term
Autotrophic
Definition
Creates its own nutrients
Term
Heterotrophic
Definition
Needs to eat other organisms for nutrients
Term
Genotype
Definition
The unseen alleles
Term
F1 Generation
Definition
The first generation after the parents
Term
F2 Generation
Definition
The second generation
Term
True Breeding
Definition
Crossing two homozygous dominant or two homozygous recessive
Term
Evolution
Definition
Change to a species over time
Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
How we name everything
Term
Classification
Definition
How we classify everything
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
Branch of science concerned with classification
Term
Mixotrophic
Definition
Can do both photosynthesis and ingestion to get nutrients
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
Reproduce with itself through mitosis, no gene variation
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
Reproduce with other organism through meiosis, gene variation
Term
Conjugation
Definition
Bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
White and red flowers mate and get pink petals
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
Shows homo/heterozygous dominant trait, or homozygous recessive
Term
Codominance
Definition
White and red flowers mate and get red and white speckles
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A Statement that can be disproved through experiments
Term
Systematics
Definition
Study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present.
Term
Phylogeny
Definition
The way species evolved
Term
Speciation
Definition
Evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.
Term
Basal Node
Definition
The first ancestor
Term
Conjugation Tubes
Definition
A slender tube in certain bacteria and algae that connects two individuals during conjugation and through which the transfer of genetic material occurs.
Term
Flagellum
Definition
Tail like structures that help the organism move
Term
Pseudopodia
Definition
Temporary projections of eukaryotic cell membranes or unicellular protists
Term
Cilia
Definition
Fur like structures that are around the outside of the organism that help it move
Term
Theory
Definition
A contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking.
Term
Law
Definition
A system of rules
Term
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Definition
An equation that shows a stasis of evolution
Term
Adaption
Definition
Favorable traits that become more abundent
Term
Branch
Definition
An ancestral link to the most common species
Term
Node
Definition
The point of evolution
Term
Clade
Definition
A group of similar species
Term
Sister Taxa
Definition
Two species that directly diverge
Term
Silicon Dioxide/Silica
Definition
chemical compound that is an oxide of silicon
Term
Daughter Colony
Definition
Group of daughter cells
Term
Parasite
Definition
Bad protist
Term
Angiosperm
Definition
Flowering plant
Term
Derived Characteristics
Definition
Trait shows up that was NOT present in a common ancestor.
Term
Ancestral Characteristics
Definition
WERE present in a common ancestor.
Term
Diagnostic Characteristics
Definition
Serving to identify a particular disease
Term
Incisors
Definition
Front teeth
Term
Canine
Definition
Pointy teeth in the front
Term
Outgroup
Definition
The most ancestral ancestor
Term
Branch Tips
Definition
Where the evolution ends
Term
Synapomorphies
Definition
Trait that is shared by two or more taxa
Term
Polytomy
Definition
Many temporal based branches
Term
Dichotomous Key
Definition
Helps you identify skulls by their teeth
Term
Gymnosperms
Definition
Cone plants
Term
Bryophytes
Definition
Non vascular plants
Term
Sporangia
Definition
The diploid stage in the life cycle
Term
Gametangia
Definition
The haploid stage in the life cycle
Term
Archegonia
Definition
Multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte
Term
Premolar
Definition
Back teeth
Term
Haploid
Definition
n
Term
Antheridium
Definition
Male gamete of flower
Term
Apical Meristem
Definition
Tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells
Term
Seedless Vascular Plants
Definition
Ferns
Term
Vascular Tissue
Definition
Complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type
Term
Embryophyte
Definition
Most familiar subkingdom of green plants that form vegetation on earth.
Term
Receptacle
Definition
An enlarged area at the apex of a stem that bears the organs of a flower
Term
Sepal
Definition
Protects
Term
Petal
Definition
Attract pollinators
Term
Pedicel
Definition
Stem that attaches single flowers to the main stem
Term
Stromata
Definition
The connective tissue framework of an organ
Term
Rhiziods
Definition
Simple hair-like protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes
Term
Ovule
Definition
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells
Term
Seed
Definition
The protective casing for an embryo and its nutrients
Term
Fruit
Definition
The why by which they disperse seeds
Term
Cotyledons
Definition
The first leaf/leaves that sprout
Term
Root (Types)
Definition
Tap, Fibrous
Term
Leaves
Definition
For photosynthesis
Term
Gemmae Cups
Definition
Modified bud of tissue
Term
Xylem
Definition
One way transport of water
Term
Phloem
Definition
Two way transport of nutrients
Term
Sporophyll
Definition
Leaf that bears sporangia
Term
Endosperm
Definition
Tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants
Term
Seed Coat
Definition
Originally surrounding the ovule.
Term
Carpel
Definition
Produce ovules
Term
Pistil
Definition
The ovule producing part of a flower.
Term
Stems
Definition
Holds up plant
Term
Micropyle
Definition
Structure in seed plants that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells
Term
Hilum
Definition
Part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels
Term
Epiphytes
Definition
A plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic
Term
Strobilus
Definition
Top of the horsetail
Term
Heterosporous
Definition
Production of spores of two different sizes
Term
Stamen
Definition
Produce pollen
Term
Anther
Definition
The pollen
Term
Filament
Definition
Spore-producing structures
Term
Stigma
Definition
Part of pistil where pollen germinates
Term
Style
Definition
Holds up anther
Term
Sorus
Definition
Sporophytes on back of fern
Term
Spores
Definition
A unit of asexual reproduction
Term
Ovary
Definition
Female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced
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