Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Streptococcus Pyogenes (causes _________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Streptococcus Pyogenes (causes strep throat)
CLASSIFICATION: gram-positive bacteria with capsule, no spore
TRANSMISSION: person to person via respiratory droplets
PREVENTION: avoid contact with sick people
TREATMENT: penicillin
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: white patches, sore throat, headache, swollen lymph glands, fever nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (causes Gonorrhea)
CLASSIFICATION: gram-negative bacteria, no spore, no capsule
TRANSMISSION: occurs through contact with secretions from infected mucosal surfaces
PREVENTION: safe sex
TREATMENT: antibiotics
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: urethritis in men; women are usually asymptomatic |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: variola virus (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: variola virus (causes smallpox)
CLASSIFICATION: double stranded DNA with envelope
TRANSMISSION: person to person via respiratory droplets
PREVENTION: moot point
TREATMENT: none, only management of symptoms
VACCINATION: yes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: fever, aches, vomiting, rash starts in mouth and spreads, then forms pustules |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Corynebacterium diphtheria (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Corynebacterium diphtheria (causes diphtheria)
CLASSIFICATION: gram-positive bacteria, no spore, no capsule
TRANSMISSION: person to person via respiratory droplets, or via cutaneous lesions
PREVENTION: vaccination
TREATMENT: ???
VACCINATION: yes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: upper respiratory infection, mild skin infection |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Bacillus anthracis (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax)
CLASSIFICATION: gram-positive bacteria with capsule, produces spores
TRANSMISSION: gets into skin lesions, or ingested with undercooked food, or inhaled
PREVENTION: 6 injections over 18 months plus annual booster
TREATMENT: very strong antibiotics
VACCINATION: yes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: depends on location of infection (skin, GI, or lungs) |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: H1N1 Influenza A (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: H1N1 Influenza A (causes Swine Flu)
CLASSIFICATION: enveloped RNA virus
TRANSMISSION: person to person or pig to person via respiratory droplets
PREVENTION: vaccinate pigs, and face masks for humans working in close proximity to pigs
TREATMENT: antiviral drugs
VACCINATION: yes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: typical flu symptoms |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Rhabdovirus (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Rhabdovirus (causes rabies)
CLASSIFICATION: single-stranded enveloped RNA virus
TRANSMISSION: bite of infected animal
PREVENTION: vaccination
TREATMENT: wash wound with soap and water and (if possible) commercial antiseptic iodine solution, inject rabies immune globulin around the wound, followed by a series of vaccine injections
VACCINATION: yes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: violent agitated behavior |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Aspergillus flavus (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Aspergillus flavus (causes aspergillosis and/or aflatoxicosis)
CLASSIFICATION: Division Ascomycetes
TRANSMISSION: inhalation or ingestion
PREVENTION: ???
TREATMENT: antifungal drug therapy
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: aspergillosis presents pulmonary infection with fever, cough, chest pain; aflatoxicosis presents acute liver damage, edema, alteration in digestion, possibly death |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Candida albicans (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Candida albicans (causes vaginal candidiasis)
CLASSIFICATION: Division Ascomycetes
TRANSMISSION: can transmit sexually, however transmission is not necessary as it is already present as flora elsewhere in the body
PREVENTION: limit use of antibiotics
TREATMENT: topical ...azole antifungal, or oral drugs like fluconazole or amphotericin B
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: redness and inflammation of genitalia, white or yellow discharge from vagina, burning/itching, unusual smell, pain with sex or urination |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: cryptosporidium (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: cryptosporidium (causes crypto)
CLASSIFICATION: Phylum Apicomplexa
TRANSMISSION: ingestion after contact with anything that has had contact with contaminated fecal matter
PREVENTION: wash hands
TREATMENT: replenish fluids and electrolytes
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: bloody diarrhea, light fever, cramps, nausea |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Histoplasma capsulatum (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Histoplasma capsulatum (causes Histoplasmosis, aka Darling's Disease, aka Ohio fever)
CLASSIFICATION: Division Ascomycetes
TRANSMISSION: inhaled after spores are disturbed and get into the air
PREVENTION: when working in high risk areas, wet down dust before cleanup, wear dust mask and disposable clothing
TREATMENT: mild cases need no treatment; severe cases treated with antifungals
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: chest pain, chills, cough, fever, joint pain/stiffness, muscle ache/stiffness, rash, shortness of breath |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Giardia
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Giardia
CLASSIFICATION: Phylum Sarcomastigophora
TRANSMISSION: ingestion after contact with anything that has had contact with contaminated fecal matter
PREVENTION: wash hands
TREATMENT: prescription drugs
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: diarrhea, gas, cramps, nausea |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Naegleria fowleri (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Naegleria fowleri (causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis PAM)
CLASSIFICATION: Phylum Sarcomastigophora
TRANSMISSION: when water gets into the nose, trophozoite attaches to nasal mucosa and migrates via olfactory nerve into brain
PREVENTION: keep water out of your nose when swimming in warm freshwater
TREATMENT: antifungal drug is a longshot
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, persistent headache, changes in taste/smell perception, confusion, loss of balance, hallucination, seizures, coma, death |
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Term
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Leishmania donovani (causes __________)
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Definition
NAME OF PATHOGEN: Leishmania donovani (causes Leishmaniasis)
CLASSIFICATION: Phylum Sarcomastigophora
TRANSMISSION: from sandflea to human to sandflea
PREVENTION: proper clothing that will keep fleas off of skin; treat exposed skin with DEET; stay inside between dusk and dawn
TREATMENT: pentavalent antimonials
VACCINATION: no
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: depends on infections site; cutaneous may cause skin ulcers or appearance of leprosy, visceral may cause fever, weight loss, anemia, hypertrophy of liver or spleen |
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